{"id":1005,"date":"2010-02-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-21T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/jean-colin-napoleonovo-vojenske-vzdelani-uvod-ii-2\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:17","slug":"jean-colin-napoleonovo-vojenske-vzdelani-uvod-ii-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/jean-colin-napoleonovo-vojenske-vzdelani-uvod-ii-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Jean Colin. Napoleonovo vojensk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00davod, II.2."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
2. V\u00e1lka vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 dohody.<\/em><\/div>\n

Ned\u011bliteln\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jsou tak tedy na ohromn\u00e9m v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m d\u011bji\u0161ti, je\u017e se t\u00e1hne od severu k Dunaji a od Visly ke kan\u00e1lu La Manche, n\u011bco jako body bez rozm\u011bru. Nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd odm\u00edtne bitvu a kryje si bok, nelze tisknout, tla\u010dit, zahnat k jak\u00e9koli p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece. Byl by jen do nekone\u010dna pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Pokud srovn\u00e1me, \u010d\u00edm byla bitva na po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed, s t\u00edm, jak se od t\u00e9 doby vyvinula, shled\u00e1me, \u017ee od tohoto obdob\u00ed nebyla nikdy stra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rozhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/em>; nikdy nez\u00e1visel v\u00fdsledek na m\u00e9n\u011b jist\u00fdch okolnostech<\/em>, a nikdy se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 nebylo mo\u017eno tak snadno vyhnout<\/em>. K bitv\u011b tedy doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen vz\u00e1jemnou dohodou<\/em>. Cond\u00e9 si je ve sv\u00e9m srdci jist\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm a bitvu si p\u0159eje v\u017edy; ale mnoz\u00ed jin\u00ed, a lep\u0161\u00ed, maj\u00edc\u00ed pon\u011bkud ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, \u010di ti, kdo nemohli m\u00edt takov\u00fd pocit p\u0159evahy, se nepokus\u00ed o boj, nemaj\u00ed-li na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b materi\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro \u00fasp\u011bch, po\u010det a pozici. Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu nep\u0159\u00edteli se kryj\u00ed, zpomaluj\u00ed jeho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e je snadn\u00e9, nebo\u0165 sebemen\u0161\u00ed potok jej zastav\u00ed, a posta\u010d\u00ed se uk\u00e1zat, aby nep\u0159\u00edtel ztratil dvan\u00e1ct hodin rozv\u00edjen\u00edm sv\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka se v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u011bje za \u201eshodn\u00fdch sil“; \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z obou protivn\u00edk\u016f se neodv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vrhnout se do smrt\u00edc\u00edho dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed, jak\u00fdm je bitva s rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi \u010dely a stejn\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi. Vy\u010dk\u00e1v\u00e1 se, dokud nenastanou v\u00fdb\u011brem pozice podm\u00ednky pro mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou nad\u011bji na \u00fasp\u011bch. Ne\u017e je tedy protivn\u00edkovi nab\u00eddnuta bitva, dlouho se man\u00e9vruje; gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 se pozoruj\u00ed, donekone\u010dna vedle sebe pochoduj\u00ed, dokud neuv\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jsou ve stavu riskovat rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159etnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i neschopnosti vrhnout se na nep\u0159\u00edtele, zmocnit se jej jemu navzdory, usp\u00ed\u0161it rozhodnut\u00ed, nen\u00ed kam sp\u011bchat. Proto\u017ee jdeme na souboj, duel, jeho\u017e m\u00edsto a hodina budou ur\u010deny vz\u00e1jemnou dohodou, a kter\u00fd rozhodne v\u0161e, nejjist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je se tam dostat v dobr\u00e9m stavu. Je to t\u0159eba ostatn\u011b proto, \u017ee \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i bez vlasti, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159i prvn\u00edm d\u016fvodu ke st\u00ed\u017enosti prapory. Pochoduje se tedy pomalu a \u017eije se co nejl\u00e9pe. Sklady a konvoje hraj\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli. V d\u016fsledku primitivn\u00edho stavu v\u00fdzbroje a taktiky jsou operace pomal\u00e9 a t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pokud jeden z protivn\u00edk\u016f je \u010di se c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, bude cht\u00edt bitvu s t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zan\u00edcen\u00edm, \u017ee bude rozhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed; ale nem\u016f\u017ee ji nep\u0159\u00edteli vnutit okam\u017eit\u011b. K bitv\u011b jej pokus\u00ed dohnat s\u00e9ri\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fdch operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou trvat mo\u017en\u00e1 roky. Postupn\u011b se zmocn\u00ed v\u0161ech opevn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159echod\u016f p\u0159es \u0159eknu, pak p\u0159es dal\u0161\u00ed, dobyde bl\u00edzk\u00e9 pevnosti, vydrancuje \u010di zpusto\u0161\u00ed oblast do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee se stane neudr\u017eitelnou. Omez\u00ed t\u00edm pole, po n\u011bm\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee jeho nep\u0159\u00edtel pohybovat, vnut\u00ed mu jedinou \u00fastupovou linii, po n\u00ed\u017e jej bude pron\u00e1sledovat, dokud nep\u0159\u00edteli nezbude jin\u00e1 alternativa ne\u017e se b\u00edt \u010di vyjedn\u00e1vat.\u00a0 Takov\u00fd je ve stru\u010dnosti c\u00edl \u010dty\u0159 posledn\u00edch ta\u017een\u00ed t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Co je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby tato pomalost zmizela? Je t\u0159eba, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161il dost\u0159el a \u00fa\u010dinnost palby tak, \u017ee d\u00e1 kryt\u00e9mu mu\u017ei v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdhodu proti tomu, kter\u00fd postupuje nekryt\u00fd; \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b umo\u017en\u00ed rozb\u00edt uniformitu bitevn\u00ed sestavy a nasadit s\u00edly nepravideln\u011b a velmi rychle; je t\u0159eba, aby jednotky, je\u017e z\u00edskaly schopnost man\u00e9vrovat, byly ve stavu velice rychle zaujmout a zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed; aby se ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion mohl okam\u017eite zformovat do bitevn\u00ed sestavy \u010di do kolony v jak\u00e9mkoli dan\u00e9m sm\u011bru. A kone\u010dn\u011b je t\u0159eba, a to je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby d\u011blost\u0159electvo bylo schopno prolomit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, a aby arm\u00e1dy mohly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 akce do\u010dasn\u011b deta\u0161ovan\u00fdmi sbory, schopn\u00fdmi omezit man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed a \u00fastupovou z\u00f3nu protivn\u00edka. V\u0161ech t\u011bchto v\u00fdsledk\u016f bude ov\u0161em \u00fapln\u011b dosa\u017eeno a\u017e po sedmilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, a v d\u016fsledku toho bude mo\u017eno jejich vliv poc\u00edtit a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu ta\u017een\u00ed republiky a c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n
\nZp\u011bt na obsah.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u00favodu, podkapitola V\u00e1lka vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 dohody<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,6214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-texty_bez_rubriky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1005"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12867,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005\/revisions\/12867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}