{"id":12915,"date":"2005-12-01T19:31:04","date_gmt":"2005-12-01T17:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=12915"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:42","slug":"strucna-chronologie-valky-roku-1805","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/strucna-chronologie-valky-roku-1805\/","title":{"rendered":"Stru\u010dn\u00e1 chronologie v\u00e1lky roku 1805"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Sled nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okam\u017eik\u016f vedouc\u00edch k v\u00e1lce 3. koalice a vyty\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jej\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>25. b\u0159ezna 1802 \u2013 k\u0159ehk\u00fd amiensk\u00fd m\u00edr mezi Franci\u00ed a Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed obsahuje \u0159adu sporn\u00fdch bod\u016f, \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch v\u016fbec ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>kv\u011bten 1803 \u2013 stup\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Angli\u00ed a Franci\u00ed vede k otev\u0159en\u00e9 konfrontaci, v\u00e1lka za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 bez form\u00e1ln\u00edho vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>23. kv\u011btna 1803 \u2013 gener\u00e1l Mortier dost\u00e1v\u00e1 rozkaz o obsazen\u00ed Hanoverska, britsk\u00e9 dr\u017eavy v N\u011bmecku, zintenzivn\u011bny p\u0159\u00edpravy na invazi do Brit\u00e1nie<\/li>\n<li>21. b\u0159ezna 1804 \u2013 popraven z \u00fazem\u00ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho B\u00e1denska unesen\u00fd v\u00e9voda d\u2019Enghien pova\u017eovan\u00fd Bonapartem za hlavu roajalistick\u00e9ho spiknut\u00ed; tento akt p\u0159isp\u011bje k pos\u00edlen\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi evropsk\u00fdmi dvory.<\/li>\n<li>10. kv\u011btna 1804 \u2013 William Pitt op\u011bt britsk\u00fdm ministersk\u00fdm p\u0159edsedou, zahajuje hore\u010dnou diplomatickou \u010dinnost, jej\u00edm\u017e smyslem je sestaven\u00ed protifrancouzsk\u00e9 koalice, vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9 je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Rusko<\/li>\n<li>18. kv\u011btna 1804 \u2013 ve Francii vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, \u201enetolerovateln\u00e1 ur\u00e1\u017eka v\u0161ech monarch\u016f podle bo\u017e\u00edho z\u00e1kona\u201c (Alexandr I.)<\/li>\n<li>24. kv\u011btna 1804 \u2013 smlouva britsko-rusk\u00e1, 6. listopadu rakousko-rusk\u00e1, 3. prosince britsko-\u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1<\/li>\n<li>4. prosince 1804 \u2013 \u0160pan\u011blsko vyhla\u0161uje v\u00e1lku Brit\u00e1nii<\/li>\n<li>26. kv\u011btna 1805 \u2013 Napoleon korunov\u00e1n Italsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem<\/li>\n<li>4. \u010dervna 1805 \u2013 Francie anektuje Janov, \u010d\u00edm\u017e kon\u010d\u00ed jak\u00e1koli jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o urovn\u00e1n\u00ed situace<\/li>\n<li>9. srpna 1805 \u2013 Rakousko ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vstupuje do koalice, Napoleon prohl\u00e1s\u00ed: \u201eSkute\u010dnost\u00ed je, \u017ee Rakousko zbroj\u00ed; chci, aby odzbrojilo; pokud to neud\u011bl\u00e1, vezmu k n\u011bmu 200.000 mu\u017e\u016f na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu, na kterou bude dlouho vzpom\u00ednat!\u201c<\/li>\n<li>25. srpna 1805 \u2013 smlouva bavorsko-francouzsk\u00e1, 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805 b\u00e1densko-francouzsk\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_12918\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12918\" class=\"wp-image-12918 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-1024x788.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-1024x788.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-150x116.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-768x591.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa-390x300.jpg 390w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mapa.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Point Atlases<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-12948 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-1024x748.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-1024x748.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-768x561.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805-411x300.jpg 411w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805.jpg 1209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-12949 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-1024x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-1024x220.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-150x32.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-300x64.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-768x165.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c-500x107.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/1805_c.jpg 1301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805 \u2013 rakousk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vstupuje do Bavorska<\/li>\n<li>9. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 Murat a Lannes por\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 s\u00edly poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la Auffenberga u WERTINGENu.<\/li>\n<li>10. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 divizn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Malher por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Raku\u0161any poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la d\u2019Aspre u G\u00dcNZBURGu.<\/li>\n<li>11. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 divizn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Dupont por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la Schwarzenberga u HASLACHu.<\/li>\n<li>13. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 mar\u0161\u00e1l Soult por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la Spangena u MEMMINGENu.<\/li>\n<li>14. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 mar\u0161\u00e1l Ney por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Raku\u0161any poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la Riesche u ELCHINGENu.<\/li>\n<li>20. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 poln\u00ed podmar\u0161\u00e1l Mack kapituluje v\u00a0oble\u017een\u00e9m Ulmu, ulmsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>21. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 \u2013 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed lorda Nelsona u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/karel-reznicek-trafalgarska-epopej\/\">TRAFALGARu<\/a> nem\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na Napoleonovo rozhodnut\u00ed nevylodit se ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii.<\/li>\n<li>5. listopadu 1805 \u2013 mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 Murat a Lannes por\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed rusko-rakousk\u00e9 s\u00edly pod velen\u00edm poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la Kienmayera a gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edka Bagrationa u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/jiri-lejnar-dunajske-tazeni-ruskych-vojsk-v-roce-1805\/\">AMSTETTENu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>11. listopadu 1805 \u2013 gener\u00e1l p\u011bchoty Kutuzov por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed izolovan\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd sbor pod velen\u00edm mar\u0161\u00e1la Mortiera u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/jiri-lejnar-dunajske-tazeni-ruskych-vojsk-v-roce-1805\/\">D\u00dcRRENSTEINu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>13. listopadu 1805 \u2013 mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 Murat a Lannes se lst\u00ed zmoc\u0148uj\u00ed T\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho mostu p\u0159es Dunaj.<\/li>\n<li>14. listopadu 1805 \u2013 Napoleon vstupuje do V\u00eddn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>16. listopadu 1805 \u2013 gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk Bagration v\u00a0\u010dele rusk\u00e9ho zadn\u00edho voje opou\u0161t\u00ed po mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hou\u017eevnat\u00e9 obran\u011b bitevn\u00ed pole mezi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/jiri-lejnar-dunajske-tazeni-ruskych-vojsk-v-roce-1805\/\">HOLLABRUNNem a SCH\u00d6NGRABERNem<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon vjel do Brna 20. listopadu 1805. P\u0159esto\u017ee dosud slavil prakticky jen \u00fasp\u011bchy a obsadil protivn\u00edkovo hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, nebyla jeho strategick\u00e1 situace v\u016fbec dobr\u00e1. Vzdaloval se od Francie, p\u0159edlouh\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed linie arm\u00e1du oslabovaly, Francouzi byli nadto obklopeni nep\u0159\u00e1telsky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edm obyvatelstvem. Ta\u017een\u00ed trvalo ji\u017e p\u0159es dva m\u011bs\u00edce, koali\u010dn\u00edm arm\u00e1d\u00e1m se bl\u00ed\u017eily posily, neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed Prusko \u010dekalo na sebemen\u0161\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 zav\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Bylo nevyhnuteln\u00e9 sv\u00e9st rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitvu a uzav\u0159\u00edt v\u00fdhodn\u00fd m\u00edr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Na prvn\u00ed pohled vypadala Velk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u011b rozta\u017een\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti je Napoleon, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 dispozici asi 48\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, schopen shrom\u00e1\u017edit do 24 hodin 56\u00a0000 mu\u017e\u016f, do dvou dn\u016f ji\u017e 70\u00a0000 mu\u017e\u016f, za t\u0159i dny m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt 80\u00a0000 mu\u017e\u016f a za \u010dty\u0159i ji\u017e 90\u00a0000. Mus\u00ed v\u0161ak jednat rychle, bez brzk\u00e9 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed bitvy p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nev\u00fdhody sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy nad v\u00fdhodami, koali\u010dn\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b p\u0159ijdou posily, Napol\u00e9on bude nucen p\u0159ej\u00edt do defenz\u00edvy, co\u017e zm\u011bn\u00ed jeho politickou situaci jak na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b, tak na t\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Koali\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly, je\u017e se p\u0159\u00edmo zapojily do rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed konce roku 1805 se d\u011blily do t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch uskupen\u00ed. Z\u00a0It\u00e1lie postupoval Mass\u00e9nou zdr\u017eovan\u00fd arciv\u00e9voda Karel s\u00a0j\u00e1drem rakousk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (cca 90\u00a0000 mu\u017e\u016f), k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e se hodlal p\u0159ipojit arciv\u00e9voda Jan dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed s 25\u00a0000 voj\u00e1ky Tyrolsko proti Neyovi. Do boj\u016f nestihnou zas\u00e1hnout p\u0159\u00edmo, ale svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed nut\u00ed C\u00edsa\u0159e Francouz\u016f udr\u017eovat v\u00a0jejich sm\u011bru pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly. V\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch zformoval arciv\u00e9voda Ferdinand sbor v\u00a0s\u00edle cca 9000 mu\u017e\u016f, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje t\u00fdl francouzsk\u00fdch sil u Brna. Hlavn\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se o rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jsou rozlo\u017een\u00e9 u Olomouce. Tvo\u0159\u00ed je Kutuzovova Podolsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 sem velmi obratn\u011b ustupovala p\u0159ed Francouzi a\u017e z\u00a0bavorsk\u00fdch hranic. Cestou se ve Vy\u0161kov\u011b spojila se sborem gener\u00e1la Buxh\u00f6wdena. U Olomouce k\u00a0nim p\u0159ibyla carsk\u00e1 garda pod velen\u00edm carova bratra Konstantina Pavlovi\u010de. Spolu se zbyl\u00fdmi rakousk\u00fdmi jednotkami \u010d\u00edtala hlavn\u00ed rusko-rakousk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, je\u017e se st\u0159etne s\u00a0Francouzi u Slavkova, 85\u00a0000 a\u017e 90\u00a0000 mu\u017e\u016f. Jednotky gener\u00e1l\u016f Essena a Bennigsena se nestihly p\u0159ipojit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bavorsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Wrede st\u00e1l se sv\u00fdm sborem u Jihlavy a kryl tak t\u00fdl Napoleonov\u00fdch sil u Brna proti sil\u00e1m arciv\u00e9vody Ferdinanda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova\/\">Bitva u Slavkova.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sled nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okam\u017eik\u016f vedouc\u00edch k v\u00e1lce 3. koalice a vyty\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jej\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,5853,142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-austerlitz-2018","category-prubeh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12915"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14542,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915\/revisions\/14542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}