{"id":13165,"date":"2017-12-18T17:04:35","date_gmt":"2017-12-18T15:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=13165"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:50","slug":"struktura-roty-francouzske-pechoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/struktura-roty-francouzske-pechoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Struktura roty francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Struktura p\u011b\u0161\u00ed roty platn\u00e1 v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1805-1815 byla stanovena dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Prvn\u00edm byl dekret z 2. frimairu roku 2 (22. listopadu 1793). Stanovoval kone\u010dnou podobu roty p\u011b\u0161\u00ed p\u016flbrig\u00e1dy a ur\u010doval jejich stav platn\u00fd a\u017e do vyd\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/dekret-z-18-unora-1808\/\">dekretu z\u00a018. \u00fanora 1808<\/a>. Po cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed let 1794-1808 byl tabulkov\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd stav fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9 roty 123 mu\u017e\u016f, gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 83 mu\u017e\u016f; v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1808-1815 to bylo 140 mu\u017e\u016f pro v\u0161echny druhy rot.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulka uveden\u00e1 dekretem z\u00a02. frimairu roku 2 z\u016fstala v\u00a0platnosti i po roce 1808, zm\u011bnily se pouze stavy jednotliv\u00fdch dru\u017estev.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/compagnie1793.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13166\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/compagnie1793-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/compagnie1793-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/compagnie1793-98x150.jpg 98w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/compagnie1793.jpg 530w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Slo\u017een\u00ed roty bylo n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>1 kapit\u00e1n (<em>capitaine<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>1 poru\u010d\u00edk (<em>lieutenant<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>1 podporu\u010d\u00edk (<em>sous-lieutenant<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>1 ser\u017eant-major (<em>sergent-major<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>4 ser\u017eanti (<em>sergents<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>1 kapr\u00e1l-fur\u00fdr (<em>caporal-fourrier<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>8 kapr\u00e1l\u016f (<em>caporaux<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>64 gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (<em>grenadiers<\/em>), nebo<\/p>\n<p>104 fyzil\u00edr\u016f (<em>fusiliers<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>2 buben\u00edci (<em>tambours<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Rota se \u010dlenila na dv\u011b sekce (pozd\u011bji naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 p\u016flroty, <em>demi-compagnies<\/em>), ty d\u00e1le ka\u017ed\u00e1 na dv\u011b subdivize (<em>subdivision<\/em>), ka\u017ed\u00e1 subdivize na dv\u011b dru\u017estva (<em>escouade<\/em>). Rot\u011b velel kapit\u00e1n, prvn\u00ed sekci poru\u010d\u00edk, druh\u00e9 sekci podporu\u010d\u00edk (nepl\u00e9st s\u00a0funkc\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fa 2. sekce a \u0161ikovatele pelotonu). Administrativu roty vedl ser\u017eant-major, jinak odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed za v\u00fdcvik, discipl\u00ednu a pln\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V administrativ\u011b mu sekundoval kapr\u00e1l-fur\u00fdr, rotn\u00ed ubytovatel, kter\u00fd mj. odpov\u00eddal za p\u0159ehledy po\u010detn\u00edch stav\u016f a seznamy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Subdivizi velel ser\u017eant, dru\u017estvu kapr\u00e1l. Subdivize byly \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1ny od 1 do 4; 1. a 3. tvo\u0159ily prvn\u00ed sekci, 2. a 4. tvo\u0159ily druhou sekci. \u010c\u00edsla odpov\u00eddala slu\u017eebn\u00edmu st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vel\u00edc\u00edch ser\u017eant\u016f v\u00a0moment\u011b formov\u00e1n\u00ed roty. Nad\u00e1le z\u016fstala zachov\u00e1na a slu\u017eebn\u00edm st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm ser\u017eant\u016f se ji\u017e ne\u0159\u00eddila (tzn. \u017ee kdy\u017e slu\u017eebn\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00edho ser\u017eanta nahradil ser\u017eant nov\u00fd, jeho subdivize si ponechala sv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a za\u0159azen\u00ed v\u00a0rot\u011b). Podobn\u011b tomu bylo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dru\u017estev. Kapr\u00e1lov\u00e9 byli podle slu\u017eebn\u00edho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i prvotn\u00edm formov\u00e1n\u00ed roty rozd\u011bleni tak, \u017ee subdivize byly tvo\u0159eny 1. a 5., 2. a 6., 3. a 7. a 4. a 8. dru\u017estvem.<\/p>\n<p>Fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9, a pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/dekret-z-19-zari-1805\/\">volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e9<\/a>, dru\u017estvo \u010d\u00edtalo 14 mu\u017e\u016f, gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 9 (v\u010detn\u011b kapr\u00e1la).<\/p>\n<p>Obdobnou organizaci (tj. 8 dru\u017estev, 4 subdivize a 2 sekce), jen jin\u00e9 stavy, m\u011bla tak\u00e9 rota gardov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Struktura p\u011b\u0161\u00ed roty platn\u00e1 v obdob\u00ed 1805-1815 byla stanovena dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Prvn\u00edm byl dekret z 2. frimairu roku 2 (22. listopadu 1793). Stanovoval kone\u010dnou podobu roty p\u011b\u0161\u00ed p\u016flbrig\u00e1dy a ur\u010doval jejich stav platn\u00fd a\u017e do vyd\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu \u2013 dekretu z 18. \u00fanora 1808.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13166,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,14],"tags":[5900],"class_list":["post-13165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-francouzska-armada","tag-francouzska-pechota"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13165"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14447,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13165\/revisions\/14447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}