{"id":13760,"date":"2021-08-29T17:07:16","date_gmt":"2021-08-29T15:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=13760"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:43","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:43","slug":"vznik-grande-armee-a-zahajeni-prvniho-tazeni-valky-roku-1805","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/vznik-grande-armee-a-zahajeni-prvniho-tazeni-valky-roku-1805\/","title":{"rendered":"Vznik Grande Arm\u00e9e a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed prvn\u00edho ta\u017een\u00ed v\u00e1lky roku 1805"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">9. fructidoru roku 13, 27. srpna 1805, byla vyd\u00e1na s\u00e9rie rozkaz\u016f, podle nich\u017e vypochoduj\u00ed sbory Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy sm\u011brem k francouzsk\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranici, do N\u011bmecka; 29. srpna je arm\u00e1da Oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na Velkou arm\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13761\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13761\" class=\"wp-image-13761 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-1024x791.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-1024x791.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-150x116.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805-388x300.jpg 388w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/westpoint_1805.jpg 1196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13761\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usma.edu\/history\/SitePages\/Napoleonic%20Wars.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Z atlas\u016f West Pointu, americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akademie<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Napoleon provedl v Ambleteuse, severn\u011b od Boulogne-sur-Mer, p\u0159ehl\u00eddku 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru, jemu\u017e velel mar\u0161\u00e1l c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed Louis-Nicolas Davout. Toho dne je tak\u00e9 datov\u00e1n Napoleon\u016fv rozkaz, kter\u00fd Davoutovi, a podobn\u00e9 rozkazy byly vyd\u00e1ny ostatn\u00edm sbor\u016fm, zprost\u0159edkoval mar\u0161\u00e1l Berthier, major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\" style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p>&#8222;C\u00edsa\u0159 na\u0159izuje, pane mar\u0161\u00e1le, aby v\u0161echny divize, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor, jemu\u017e vel\u00edte, vypochodovaly postupn\u011b sm\u011brem na Haguenau. Vydejte v d\u016fsledku toho sv\u00e9 rozkazy k proveden\u00ed pohybu. Prvn\u00ed divizi pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Bissona nech\u00e1te vypochodovat z\u00edtra, 11. fructidoru. 11. fructidoru nebude pochodovat nikdo, abychom usnadnili poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob pro postupn\u011b pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed jednotky. Druhou divizi nech\u00e1te vyrazit 12. fructidoru (30. srpna), stejnou trasou jako divizi prvn\u00ed. 13. (31. srpna) vypochoduje t\u0159et\u00ed divize stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. A 16. (1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed) nech\u00e1te vyrazit v\u0161e, co z va\u0161eho arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru bude zb\u00fdvat, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u016fjde o d\u011blost\u0159electvo, \u017eenijn\u00ed vojsko, od\u0159ady, atd. V\u0161dchny tyto jednotky, pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed za sebou, p\u016fjdou po stejn\u00e9 trase. (&#8230;)&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Od strany 439 <a href=\"https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k873004n\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tohoto monumentu<\/a> najdete <em>Bulletin du mouvement des troupes<\/em>, Bulletin pohybu jednotek. A v n\u011bm, od strany 443, p\u0159ehled prvn\u00edch etap pochodu vybran\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Grande Arm\u00e9e od 27. srpna do 6. \u0159\u00edjna 1805. A nep\u0159ebern\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dokument\u016f. Jde o prvn\u00ed d\u00edl ze \u010dty\u0159 dostupn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">29. a 30. srpna 1805 pak jsou denn\u00edmi rozkazy vydan\u00fdmi v hlavn\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m stanu stanoveny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed po\u017eadavky na vybaven\u00ed p\u011bchoty a organizaci jezdectva. Denn\u00edm rozkazem z 29. srpna 1805 m\u011bn\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed arm\u00e1da Oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed na Velk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>V hlavn\u00edm stanu v Boulogne, 11. fructidoru roku XIII (29. srpna 1805)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;padding-left: 30px\">DENN\u00cd ROZKAZ.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Arm\u00e1da Oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed (Arm\u00e9e des C\u00f4tes de l&#8217;Oc\u00e9an) je od tohoto dne ozna\u010dena jako Velk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da (Grande Arm\u00e9e).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">C\u00edsa\u0159 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 gener\u00e1l\u016fm a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm jednotliv\u00fdch slu\u017eeb Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, v\u00fdznam dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f, kter\u00e9 zakazuj\u00ed poskytnout gener\u00e1l\u016fm, \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm jak\u00fdkoli povoz nebo k\u016f\u0148 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed ekvip\u00e1\u017ee. Furgony gener\u00e1l\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstaven\u00fdch, stejn\u011b jako jejich z\u00e1p\u0159ahy, je\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st ekvip\u00e1\u017ee t\u011bchto d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, jdou na jejich n\u00e1klady a jsou jejich majetkem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Po p\u0159\u00edchodu na R\u00fdn [tedy ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed] mus\u00ed m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd voj\u00e1k ve sv\u00e9 tornist\u0159e dva p\u00e1ry st\u0159ev\u00edc\u016f a jeden obut\u00fd. Proto\u017ee, aby se tam dostal, opot\u0159ebuje jeden, jednotky, v souladu s rozkazem, kter\u00fd o tom obdr\u017eely, si za\u0159\u00edd\u00ed okam\u017eitou v\u00fdrobu v 5. vojensk\u00e9 divizi [departementy Haut-Rhin a Bas-Rhin], dvou p\u00e1r\u016f st\u0159ev\u00edc\u016f na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, z nich\u017e jeden p\u00e1r bude hrazen z rozpo\u010dtu pro pr\u00e1dlo a obut\u00ed [tedy z prost\u0159edk\u016f jednotek]. Druh\u00fd p\u00e1r je p\u0159id\u011blen C\u00edsa\u0159em nav\u00edc ka\u017ed\u00e9mu voj\u00e1kovi; ale bude mu vyd\u00e1n a\u017e za R\u00fdnem v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee arm\u00e1da tuto \u0159eku p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00edm rad\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 je nechaj\u00ed vyrobit, bude zaplaceno za ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1r st\u0159ev\u00edc\u016f 4 franky 50.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Jednotky tedy budou na R\u00fdnu m\u00edt \u010dty\u0159i p\u00e1ry st\u0159ev\u00edc\u016f na mu\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">St\u0159ev\u00edce nav\u00edc budou ve skladech jednotek v 5. vojensk\u00e9 divizi, a budou rozd\u00e1ny jen na rozkaz Hlavn\u00edho majora Velk\u00e9 Arm\u00e1dy [mar\u0161\u00e1la Berthiera], kter\u00fd ozn\u00e1m\u00ed dobu jejich rozd\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm bude provedeno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed se nijak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jednotek, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v t\u00e1borech na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Proto\u017ee kab\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 byly arm\u00e1d\u011b opat\u0159eny loni, byly b\u011bhem slu\u017eby na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b opot\u0159ebov\u00e1ny, a proto\u017ee od t\u00e9 doby do jednotek p\u0159i\u0161li odvedenci, C\u00edsa\u0159 p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu pluku po\u010det kab\u00e1t\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b stavu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch batalion\u016f, kter\u00e9 pochoduj\u00ed na R\u00fdn. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady za\u0159\u00edd\u00ed jejich v\u00fdrobu v 5. vojensk\u00e9 divizi, kde budou v\u0161echny shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny ve skladech jednotek k 5. vend\u00e9miairu [27. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805]. C\u00edsa\u0159 pro tento \u00fa\u010del p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 16 frank\u016f za kab\u00e1t. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za proveden\u00ed t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Hlavn\u00ed major.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Mar\u0161\u00e1l Berthier<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;text-align: justify\"><em>K rozkazu Alombert-Colin p\u0159ikl\u00e1daj\u00ed Stav p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch ve zbrani v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch batalion\u016f v\u0161ech jednotek Arm\u00e1dy Oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pochoduj\u00edc\u00edch k R\u00fdnu, z n\u011bho\u017e vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 [s. <a href=\"https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k873004n\/f394.image\">384-386<\/a>]: celkem jde o 92200 mu\u017e\u016f a 906633 frank\u016f 33 centim\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>V hlavn\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m stanu v Boulogne, 12. fructidoru roku XIII (30. srpna 1805)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;padding-left: 30px\">DENN\u00cd ROZKAZ.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Velk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da je slo\u017eena n\u00e1sledn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">C\u00edsa\u0159 a Kr\u00e1l, vel\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Ministr v\u00e1lky, hlavn\u00ed major, rozes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed rozkazy Jeho Veli\u010denstva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jeho Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed V\u00fdsost princ mar\u0161\u00e1l Murat, C\u00edsa\u0159\u016fv z\u00e1stupce, vel\u00edc\u00ed v jeho nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Hlavn\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Velk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se d\u011bl\u00ed na sedm sbor\u016f ozna\u010den\u00fdch: 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. a 7. Krom\u011b nich ze z\u00e1lohy t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva a z\u00e1lohy dragoun\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. sboru vel\u00ed pan mar\u0161\u00e1l Bernadotte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">2. sboru gener\u00e1l Marmont.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">3. sbor podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana mar\u0161\u00e1la Davouta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">4. sbor podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana mar\u0161\u00e1la Soulta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">5. sbor podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana mar\u0161\u00e1la Lannesa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">6. sbor podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana mar\u0161\u00e1la Neye.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">7. sbor podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana mar\u0161\u00e1la Augereaua.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. divize t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana gener\u00e1la Nansoutyho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">2. divize t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm pana gener\u00e1la d&#8217;Hautpoula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed dragounsk\u00e1 divize podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rozkaz\u016fm gener\u00e1la Kleina.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">2. divizi vel\u00ed gener\u00e1l Walther.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">3. gener\u00e1l Beaumont.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">4. gener\u00e1l Bourcier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bataliony s sebou budou m\u00edt p\u011bt chirurg\u016f a u 3. batalionu nechaj\u00ed jen jednoho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">N\u00ed\u017ee vyjmenovan\u00e9 pluky lehk\u00e9ho jezdectva:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Myslivci: 1., 2., 3., 7., 8., 10., 11., 12., 13., 16., 21. a 26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Husa\u0159i: 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9. a 10.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. batavsk\u00fd dragounsk\u00fd pluk,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. batavsk\u00fd husarsk\u00fd pluk,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Budou zformov\u00e1ny co nejd\u0159\u00edve ve \u010dty\u0159ech v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch eskadron\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Plukovn\u00edci n\u00e1sledn\u011b nechaj\u00ed ke 4 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm eskadron\u00e1m z depot\u016f v\u0161echny kon\u011b schopn\u00e9 n\u00e9st sedlo, i kdyby nebyli schopni n\u00e9st jezdce. \u0160patn\u00ed a mlad\u00ed kon\u011b budou pochodovat a budou vym\u011bn\u011bni, vstoup\u00edme-li do nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, za kon\u011b, kter\u00fdch nabudeme n\u00e1kupem nebo jako ko\u0159isti; nez\u00e1visle na t\u00e9to formaci ka\u017ed\u00fd pluk bude m\u00edt 100 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed budou ozbrojeni pu\u0161kou a bajonetem a budou slou\u017eit bu\u010f k n\u00e1hrad\u011b nemocn\u00fdch a zran\u011bn\u00fdch, nebo pro jakoukoli pot\u0159ebu slu\u017eby, nebo kone\u010dn\u011b k sedl\u00e1n\u00ed kon\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bychom zakoupili nebo dobyli na nep\u0159\u00edteli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd pluk lehk\u00e9ho jezdectva tak bude na R\u00fdnu m\u00edt nejm\u00e9n\u011b 500 mu\u017e\u016f, nepo\u010d\u00edtaje d\u016fstojn\u00edky, z nich\u017e 400 bude j\u00edzdn\u00edch a 100 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady jednotek se musej\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b zab\u00fdvat n\u00e1kupem kon\u00ed, aby doplnily jejich stav, C\u00edsa\u0159 p\u0159id\u011blil k t\u00e9to \u00fatrat\u011b jeden milion, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt rozd\u011blen ministerstvem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 administrativy mezi jednotliv\u00e9 pluky lehk\u00e9ho jezdectva, podle p\u0159ehledu, kter\u00fd bude p\u0159i Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b bez prodlen\u00ed sestaven.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Plukovn\u00edci dragounsk\u00fdch pluk\u016f nasazen\u00fdch p\u0159i Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b nechaj\u00ed k v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm eskadron\u00e1m vypochodovat z depot\u016f co nejv\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f a kon\u00ed bude mo\u017en\u00e9, a k t\u011bmto eskadron\u00e1m p\u0159ipoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 kon\u011b, jakkoli \u0161patn\u00e9 nebo mlad\u00e9, budou-li tito schopni n\u00e9st postroje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Divize t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva budou m\u00edt n\u011bkolik p\u011b\u0161\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f. Plukovn\u00edci ur\u010d\u00ed jejich po\u010det, ale musej\u00ed m\u00edt nejm\u00e9n\u011b 500 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch kon\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: justify\">Vrchn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdch arm\u00e1dn\u00edch sbor\u016f vydaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk\u016fm \u0161t\u00e1bu rozkaz, aby se dostavili do ur\u010den\u00fdch ubytovac\u00edch prostor na R\u00fdn\u011b osm dn\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem prvn\u00edch jednotek jejich sboru, aby p\u0159ipravili ubikace a zajistili slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed administrativy se tam musej\u00ed dostavit nejpozd\u011bji ve stejnou dobu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Druhopis soupisu rozkaz\u016f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Plukovn\u00edk \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska, hlavn\u00ed pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd detailem hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Vallongue.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13763\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13763\" class=\"wp-image-13763 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2-887x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2-887x1024.jpg 887w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2-130x150.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2-260x300.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2-768x887.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Voltz2.jpg 892w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13763\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/military\/organization\/Russia\/UniformPlates\/c_Voltz.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Russian Army in 1805 &#8211; 1807: the Uniform Plates of Johann Voltz<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Napoleon tedy vydal rozkazy k pochodu arm\u00e1dn\u00edch sbor\u016f Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy 27. srpna 1805. Ned\u011bl\u00e1 to z n\u011bj v d\u016fsledku agresora, a\u010dkoli na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed vstoupil mnohem pozd\u011bji? Reagovali koali\u010dn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 na jeho pohyb? Nereagovali. Rusov\u00e9 vyrazili od dva dny d\u0159\u00edve:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8222;Podolsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vyrazila na pochod 25. srpna 1805 v p\u011bti kolon\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se s ohledem na zp\u016fsob z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011blily na dva e\u0161elony (v prvn\u00edm byly pluky p\u011bchoty, ve druh\u00e9m jezdectvo a d\u011blost\u0159electvo), postupuj\u00edc\u00ed paraleln\u011b <span class=\"text_exposed_show\">v ur\u010den\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti za sebou. (&#8230;)<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\" style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p>Bylo t\u0159eba sp\u011bchat, v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd dv\u016fr bil na poplach. T\u0159i dny pochodu s no\u010dn\u00edm odpo\u010dinkem, jeden cel\u00fd den odpo\u010dinku \u2013 tak stanovoval Poln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Kolony postupovaly ve dvou lini\u00edch (po e\u0161elonech) tak, aby do m\u00edsta celodenn\u00edho odpo\u010dinku dorazila druh\u00e1 kolona dva dny po odchodu prvn\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto se ale st\u00e1valo, \u017ee e\u0161elon zadn\u00ed kolony dorazil (mo\u017en\u00e1 vlivem nezdrav\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017eivosti rusk\u00fdch velitel\u016f) je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy v etapn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b odpo\u010d\u00edvala kolona p\u0159edn\u00ed. Potom vznikaly z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 pom\u011brn\u011b nepru\u017en\u00e9 rakousk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady \u0159e\u0161ily jen velmi t\u011b\u017eko. Pr\u00e1v\u011b sp\u011bch byl p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, v rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b nev\u00eddan\u00e9ho, opat\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 Kutuzov vytvo\u0159il jakousi \u201emotorizovanou\u201c p\u011bchotu. Nalo\u017eil ji na vozy \u2013 na selsk\u00fd povoz byly zhotoveny lavice pro deset mu\u017e\u016f, potahy se vym\u011b\u0148ovaly v pravideln\u00fdch intervalech (poddan\u00fdm byla rakousk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady na\u0159\u00edzena povinnost p\u0159\u00edp\u0159e\u017ee). \u010cty\u0159i rakousk\u00e9 m\u00edle p\u011b\u0161ky vedle vozu, \u010dty\u0159i na voze.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ed\u0161e Karel Kl\u00e1til ve sv\u00e9 studii Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v bitv\u011b u Austerlitzu v roce 1805 z na\u0161eho <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/sbornik-treti-koalicni-valka-1805\/\">sborn\u00edku z roku 2004<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Karel S\u00e1\u010dek ve pak ve stejn\u00e9m sborn\u00edku popisuje \u00favodn\u00ed situaci Bavorska:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8222;2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805 p\u0159ijel do mnichovsk\u00e9 rezidence vyslanec kn\u00ed\u017ee Karel Schwarzenberg ultimativn\u011b vy\u017eadovat po kurfi\u0159tovi pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bavorsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy rakousk\u00e9mu velen\u00ed.Tehdy jen hrstka nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bavorsk\u00fdch politik\u016f v\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee p\u0159ed t\u00fddnem, tedy 25. srpna, podepsal v Bogenhausenu tajnou spojeneckou smlouvu zmocn\u011bn\u00fd Montgelas s francouzsk\u00fdm vyslancem Ottem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V t\u00e9to smlouv\u011b Francie potvrzovala \u00fazemn\u00ed integritu Bavorska a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sp<span class=\"text_exposed_show\">ole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed sl\u00edbovala jeho \u201ep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9\u201c roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b napaden\u00ed Bavorska se zav\u00e1zala poskytnou pomocnou stotis\u00edcovou arm\u00e1du pod podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee se k n\u00ed p\u0159ipoj\u00ed 20 000 bavorsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bavorsko se zav\u00e1zalo h\u00e1jit celistvost Francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed a Italsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a separ\u00e1tn\u011b nevyjedn\u00e1vat s nep\u0159\u00edtelem. Do doby napaden\u00ed Bavorska rakouskou arm\u00e1dou m\u011blo spojenectv\u00ed z\u016fstat utajeno a deklarov\u00e1na bavorsk\u00e1 neutralita.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Montgelas spojenectv\u00ed okomentoval francouzsk\u00e9mu vyslanci slovy: \u201eVy riskujete jen jednu arm\u00e1du, my ale v\u0161echno, co m\u00e1me. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee do \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebude m\u00edt kurfi\u0159t kde vl\u00e1dnout.\u201c Kurfi\u0159t opustil 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Mnichov a st\u00e1hnul se s cel\u00fdm dvorem do W\u00fcrzburgu, kde po p\u0159\u00edchodu francouzsk\u00fdch vojsk smlouvu 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed osobn\u011b ratifikoval. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm sp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm odjezdem poslal c\u00edsa\u0159i Franti\u0161kovi \u00fahybn\u00fd dopis, v n\u011bm\u017e \u017e\u00e1dal pro Bavorsko neutralitu a sliboval, \u017ee jeho vojsko proti c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b nic nepodnikne.&#8220; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.primaplana.cz\/news\/kurfirtske-bavorsko-a-jeho-armada-v-roce-1805\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cel\u00fd text je dostupn\u00fd na primaplana.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13762\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80.jpg 730w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cantler80-487x300.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bohatou kolekci vyobrazen\u00ed bavorsk\u00fdch uniforem, mj. k roku 1805, jejich\u017e autorem je Johann Baptist Cantler, najdete na <a href=\"http:\/\/napoleon-online.de\/html\/cantler.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">napoleon-online.de<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/od-valmy-ke-slavkovu\/\">Robert Ouvrard: Od Valmy ke Slavkovu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805\/\">Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova-napoleonovi-marsalove-generalove-stabni-dustojnici-2-12-1805\/\">Bitva u Slavkova \u2013 Napoleonovi mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9, gener\u00e1lov\u00e9, \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci (2.12.1805)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova-napoleonovy-pluky-2-12-1805\/\">Bitva u Slavkova \u2013 Napoleonovy pluky (2.12.1805)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9. fructidoru roku 13, 27. srpna 1805, byla vyd\u00e1na s\u00e9rie rozkaz\u016f, podle nich\u017e vypochoduj\u00ed sbory Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy sm\u011brem k francouzsk\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranici, do N\u011bmecka; 29. srpna je arm\u00e1da Oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na Velkou arm\u00e1du<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,6282,1,142],"tags":[5859,5857,5868,5867,5858],"class_list":["post-13760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-austrlitz-2021","category-aktuality","category-prubeh","tag-5859","tag-3-koalice","tag-bavorsko","tag-napoleon","tag-slavkov"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13760"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16389,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760\/revisions\/16389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}