![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/jerome.jpg\")
<\/a>Jean-Baptiste REGNAULT: Podpis man\u017eelsk\u00e9 smlouvy prince J\u00e9r\u00f4ma Bonaparta a Frederiky Kate\u0159iny W\u00fcrttembersk\u00e9 \u00a9 Photo RMN-Grand Palais<\/p><\/div>\n
C\u00edlem bylo p\u0159irozen\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed ustaven\u00ed nov\u00e9, c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed, elity. Na rozd\u00edl od \u0161lechty star\u00e9ho re\u017eimu neposkytoval titul v nov\u00e9 hierarchii form\u00e1ln\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody \u010di privilegia, jejich zru\u0161en\u00ed v roce 1790 z\u016fst\u00e1valo v platnosti. Naopak: titul bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat jen v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f (tomu ov\u0161em na druhou stranu mohly pomoci r\u016fzn\u00e9 renty). Tituly nejsou pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm do \u0161lechtick\u00e9ho stavu, ale odm\u011bnou; stav\u011bj\u00ed, jak napsal Jean Tulard, „t\u0159\u00eddu titulovan\u00fdch“, nikoli „\u0159\u00e1d \u0161lechty“.<\/p>\n
B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy rozd\u00e1 Napoleon na 3300 titul\u016f, z nich bude 34 princ\u016f, resp. kn\u00ed\u017eat, a v\u00e9vod\u016f, 417 hrabat, 1550 baron\u016f a 1317 ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f. A z nich 22,5 % poch\u00e1zelo ze \u0161lechtick\u00fdch rodin star\u00e9ho re\u017eimu (a jejich pod\u00edl byl vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed od hrabat v\u00fd\u0161e), 58 % m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f a 19,5 % pak byli ostatn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se k titulu dostali prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm slu\u017eby v arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n
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- Titul princ \u010di kn\u00ed\u017ee (prince) byl ur\u010den pro \u010dleny c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny, vybran\u00fdm ministr\u016fm a mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016fm (\u010de\u0161tina prince a kn\u00ed\u017eata rozli\u0161uje; princov\u00e9 a princezny jsou potomky suver\u00e9na).<\/li>\n
- Titul v\u00e9voda (duc) n\u00e1le\u017eel vysok\u00fdm hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, ministr\u016fm a mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016fm.<\/li>\n
- Titul hrab\u011b (comte) pro ministry, sen\u00e1tory, arcibiskupy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed rady a p\u0159edsedu Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru.<\/li>\n
- Titul baron pro p\u0159edsedu \u00da\u010detn\u00edho dvora, biskupy, poslance, starosty 37 tzv. „dobr\u00fdch m\u011bst“.<\/li>\n
- A titul ryt\u00ed\u0159 (chevalier) jako prvn\u00ed stupe\u0148, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pro jeho ud\u011blen\u00ed nebylo vy\u017eadov\u00e1no p\u0159edchoz\u00ed jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlenem \u010cestn\u00e9 legie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pro vyjmenovan\u00e9 funkce byly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 tituly v z\u00e1sad\u011b automatick\u00e9. P\u0159itom nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl na v\u0161ech titulech m\u011bli voj\u00e1ci (67,9 %), tedy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci a gener\u00e1lov\u00e9, z\u0159\u00eddka ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci.<\/p>\n
Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed tituly mohly b\u00fdt jak spojen\u00e9 s ud\u011blen\u00fdm l\u00e9nem (Neufch\u00e2tel pro Berthiera, Pontecorvo pro Bernadotta, Benevento pro Talleyranda), tak s v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm (Eckm\u00fchl, Wagram, Essling, Moskowa). V\u00e9vodstv\u00ed byla \u00fazem\u00edm mimo c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed a v\u00e9vodov\u00e9 v nich nevykon\u00e1vali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pravomoce suver\u00e9n\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byly tituly spojen\u00e9 s v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm jako u kn\u00ed\u017eat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b byl titul dopln\u011bn rodov\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem \u010di jm\u00e9nem z\u00e1mku. Hrabata, baroni a ryt\u00ed\u0159i byli prost\u011b „hrabata C\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed“, atd.<\/p>\n
Bourbonsk\u00e1 restaurace Napoleonovu \u0161lechtu nezru\u0161ila a nositele jejich titul\u016f nezbavila. D\u011bdi\u010dnost titulu byla omezena stanovenou minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, a s ohledem na sv\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky „Napoleonova \u0161lechta“ vymizela p\u0159irozenou cestou. Hierarchie titul\u016f byla propletena s hierarchi\u00ed hodnostn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f, dvorsk\u00fdmi \u010di st\u00e1tn\u00edmi fukncemi, s nimi spojen\u00fdmi tituly, s hierarchi\u00ed v r\u00e1mci \u0159\u00e1d\u016f nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010cestn\u00e9 legie a dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Literatura: Jean Tulard. Napol\u00e9on et la noblesse d’Empire: avec la liste des membres de la noblesse imp\u00e9riale (1808-1815). Tallandier<\/span>, 2003<\/em><\/p>\n
\nM\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fd, komplikovan\u00fd, p\u0159ezdoben\u00fd a sou\u010dasn\u011b dosti logick\u00fd syst\u00e9m napoleonsk\u00e9 heraldiky souvisel se vznikem \u0161lechty 1. c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed a z\u00edskal definitivn\u00ed podobu po Tyl\u017ei. Z\u00e1klad cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu najdete na blogu Ji\u0159\u00edho Kova\u0159\u00edka, Napoleon a knihy: Napoleonsk\u00e1 heraldika<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Napoleonov\u00fdm dekretem z 1. b\u0159ezna 1808 byla form\u00e1ln\u011b ustavena \u0161lechta c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, a ji\u017e slovo „\u0161lechta“, b\u011b\u017en\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z p\u0159edpis\u016f, je\u017e se „\u0161lechty c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed“ t\u00fdkaj\u00ed, je neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1). V r\u00e1mci c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny se tituly princ\u016f a princezen objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e se vznikem c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed v roce 1804. Tituly v\u00e9vod\u016f v nov\u00e9 hierarchii vznikaj\u00ed v roce 1806 a v roce 1808 je syst\u00e9m dopln\u011bn o hrabata, barony a ryt\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,31],"tags":[5867,6093,6092,6094],"class_list":["post-14909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-evropa-v-letech-1789-1821","tag-napoleon","tag-napoleonova-slechta","tag-slechta-cisarstvi","tag-slechticke-tituly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14909"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15015,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909\/revisions\/15015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}