{"id":14950,"date":"2019-03-29T22:42:24","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T20:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=14950"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:47","slug":"napoleonova-radova-kavalerie-svaliseri-kopinici-a-karabinici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-radova-kavalerie-svaliseri-kopinici-a-karabinici\/","title":{"rendered":"Napoleonova \u0159adov\u00e1 kavalerie &#8211; \u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i kopin\u00edci a karabin\u00edci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se posledn\u00ed dny staly popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi sc\u00e9ny z v\u00fdborn\u00e9ho Bondar\u010dukova v\u00fdpravn\u00e9ho filmu Waterloo s Rodem Steigerem v roli Napoleona. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1b\u011bry \u00fatoku britsk\u00e9ho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdeck\u00e9ho pluku Scot Greys proti p\u011bchot\u011b 1. sboru hrab\u011bte d&#8217;Erlona a &#8230;proti\u00fatoku polsk\u00fdch kopin\u00edk\u016f. Krom\u011b filmov\u011b kasicky nesmysln\u00e9ho ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed jezdeck\u00e9ho \u00fatoku v podob\u011b neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho mra\u010dna jezdc\u016f val\u00edc\u00edch se tryskem po velmi dlouh\u00e9 trase, co\u017e jako iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed posoud\u00ed snadno kdokoli, kdo se nad v\u011bc\u00ed zamysl\u00ed, ani\u017e by musel nutn\u011b zn\u00e1t p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 a aplikovan\u00e9 (!) mechanismy p\u0159edpis\u016f, je video matouc\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti\u00fatokem v pod\u00e1n\u00ed polsk\u00fdch gardov\u00fdch \u0161vali\u0161er\u016f-kopin\u00edk\u016f. Tento proti\u00fatok ve skute\u010dnosti provedly 3. a 4. \u0161vali\u0161ersk\u00fd-kopinick\u00fd pluk Goberechtovy brig\u00e1dy, nikoli Pol\u00e1ci. Kdo byli Napoleonovi \u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N0pGkXgPqTs\" allowfullscreen=\"\" height=\"480\" width=\"853\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00fdraz \u0161vali\u0161er je zkomoleninou z francouzsk\u00e9ho <em>chevau-l\u00e9ger<\/em>, co\u017e je ozna\u010den\u00ed pro &#8222;lehk\u00e9ho jezdce&#8220;. Lehk\u00e9 kavalerie existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f, je\u017e se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fastroj\u00ed, ale v\u0161echny pln\u00ed \u00fakoly jako pr\u016fzkum, bo\u010dn\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kryt\u00ed \u010dela nebo t\u00fdlu arm\u00e1dy, pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pora\u017een\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka. Lehk\u00fd jezdec sedl\u00e1 men\u0161\u00edho a hbit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho kon\u011b. To mu d\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010ditou v\u00fdhodu v individu\u00e1ln\u00edm boji, m\u00e1-li \u010das a prostor volit jeho podm\u00ednky; a napak nev\u00fdhodu na bitevn\u00edm poli ve st\u0159etu s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm jezdectvem v sev\u0159en\u00e9m tvaru.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da krom\u011b pluk\u016f husarsk\u00fdch a j\u00edzdn\u00edch mysliveck\u00fdch postavila v roce 1779 \u0161est pluk\u016f \u0161vali\u0161ersk\u00fdch. Existovaly pouh\u00fdch p\u011bt let, ne\u017e byly reorganizov\u00e1ny a p\u0159ezbrojeny jako pluky jezdectva, <em>r\u00e9giments de cavalerie<\/em>, co\u017e v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamu tohoto term\u00ednu ve Francii a\u017e do vzniku kyrysnick\u00fdch pluk\u016f znamen\u00e1 pluky t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dal\u0161\u00edm \u0161vali\u0161ersk\u00fdm plukem byl a\u017e Pluk polsk\u00fdch \u0161vali\u0161er\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy zformovan\u00fd Napoleonov\u00fdm dekretem z 2. b\u0159ezna 1807. V polsk\u00e9 kavalerii se nejd\u00e9le udr\u017eela \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 jezdeck\u00e1 zbra\u0148: kop\u00ed. Gardov\u00ed \u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i v\u0161ak na ta sv\u00e1 museli \u010dekat a\u017e do prosince 1809, kdy jimi byli vyzbrojeni ofici\u00e1ln\u011b, a pluk byl p\u0159ezna\u010den na Pluk polsk\u00fdch \u0161vali\u0161er\u016f-kopin\u00edk\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy (\u010d\u00e1st jezdc\u016f se nicm\u00e9n\u011b ko\u0159istn\u00edmi rakousk\u00fdmi kop\u00edmi ozbrojila u Wagramu). Do t\u00e9 doby byl \u0161vali\u0161er vyzbrojen \u0161avl\u00ed, pistol\u00ed a musketonem (a bod\u00e1kem pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed slu\u017ebu).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14953\" style=\"width: 245px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-107.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14953\" class=\"wp-image-14953 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-107-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-107-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-107-117x150.jpg 117w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-107.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14953\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; Pol\u0161t\u00ed kopin\u00edci<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Po anexi Holandska a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed holandsk\u00e9 Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 gardy a jej\u00edho husarsk\u00e9ho pluku dekretem kr\u00e1le Ludv\u00edka ze 16. \u010dervna 1810 vznik\u00e1 Napoleonov\u00fdm dekretem z 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2. pluk \u0161vali\u0161er\u016f-kopin\u00edk\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy z b\u00fdval\u00fdch husar\u016f; pluk obl\u00e9k\u00e1 uniformy polsk\u00e9ho st\u0159ihu s hul\u00e1nskou czapskou v p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 barv\u011b a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ezd\u00edvku &#8222;\u010cerven\u00ed kopin\u00edci&#8220; (<em>Lanciers Rouges<\/em>) &#8211; polsk\u00fd pluk dost\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u0159adov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo jedna.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14951\" style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-123.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14951\" class=\"wp-image-14951 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-123-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-123-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-123-117x150.jpg 117w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-123.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14951\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; \u010cerven\u00ed kopin\u00edci<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A nejen u gardov\u00fdch kopin\u00edk\u016f bude zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdzbroj je nesmysln\u011b a neu\u017eite\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ekombinovan\u00e1 a pro kon\u011b zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed. Provizorn\u011b je to \u0159e\u0161eno ji\u017e b\u011bhem rusk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed, a definitivn\u011b pak p\u0159i reorganizaci obou pluk\u016f po n\u00e1vratu z Ruska, v dubnu 1813: nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b budou m\u00edt jezdci prvn\u00edho \u0159adu kop\u00ed (\u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i-kopin\u00edci) a jezdci druh\u00e9ho \u0159adu musketon (\u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i-karabin\u00edci; neodb\u00edhejme nyn\u00ed do taj\u016f terminologie &#8211; musketon je krat\u0161\u00ed dlouhou zbran\u00ed s hladk\u00fdm v\u00fdvrtem, j\u00ed\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch arm\u00e1d \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 karabina).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Krom\u011b 1. a 2. pluku vznikl tak\u00e9 3. (litevsk\u00fd) pluk (a v jeho r\u00e1mci litev\u0161t\u00ed Tata\u0159i), ale nep\u0159e\u017eil z\u00e1v\u011br rusk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed a jeho zbytky byly v\u0159azeny do pluku polsk\u00e9ho. S prvn\u00ed restaurac\u00ed pak jedna eskadrona 1. pluku doprov\u00e1z\u00ed Napoleona na Elbu, zbytek pluku je rozpu\u0161t\u011bn, a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b slou\u010den s 2. plukem do nov\u00e9ho Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho sboru \u0161vali\u0161er\u016f-kopin\u00edk\u016f. Jako pluk c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy o \u010dty\u0159ech eskadron\u00e1ch v \u010derven\u00fdch uniform\u00e1ch bude obnoven po Napoleonov\u011b n\u00e1vratu do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, a polsk\u00e1\/elbsk\u00e1 eskadrona mu bude pod\u0159\u00edzena jako p\u00e1t\u00e1, a z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se belgick\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed a bitev u Ligny a Waterloo.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14960\" style=\"width: 244px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-146.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14960\" class=\"wp-image-14960 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-146-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-146-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-146-117x150.jpg 117w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-146.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14960\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; Litevsk\u00fd kopin\u00edk a litev\u0161t\u00ed Tata\u0159i<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Prvn\u00ed jednotkou, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt v r\u00e1mci francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy koali\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek vyzbrojena kop\u00edm, byla &#8222;experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 legie, jej\u00ed\u017e vznik p\u0159edepisoval z\u00e1kon ze 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1792. M\u011bla m\u00edt mj. \u010dty\u0159i eskadrony j\u00edzdn\u00edch &#8222;piken\u00fdr\u016f&#8220; (<em>piqueurs<\/em> \u010di <em>piconniers \u00e0 cheval<\/em>). Co se z n\u00ed poda\u0159ilo zformovat, bylo rozpu\u0161t\u011bno v \u010dervnu 1793 po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed ve Vend\u00e9e. Okolnosti jdou nad r\u00e1mec t\u00e9matu \u010dl\u00e1nku &#8211; a pozastavme se jen u v\u00fdrazu p\u00edka, kter\u00fdm je my\u0161leno jezdeck\u00e9 kop\u00ed (slovo p\u00edka u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad rusk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 terminologie; jinde ozna\u010duje p\u00edka zbra\u0148 sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u011bchotn\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A tedy prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b kopinickou jednoutkou francouzsk\u00e9ho jezdectva byl polsk\u00fd kopinick\u00fd pluk zformovan\u00fd 20. ledna 1808 a v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fd do Viselsk\u00e9 legie, co\u017e byla cizineck\u00e1 (polsk\u00e1) jednotka francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, d\u011bdi\u010dka tradic polsk\u00fdch legi\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek. V \u00fanoru 1811 k n\u011bmu p\u0159ibude druh\u00fd podobn\u00fd pluk, a ji\u017e 18. \u010dervna t\u00e9ho\u017e roku vznikaj\u00ed Napoleonov\u00fdm rozkazem \u0159adov\u00e9 \u0161vali\u0161ersk\u00e9-kopinick\u00e9 pluky francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, a sice p\u0159ezbrojen\u00edm, p\u0159estrojen\u00edm a p\u0159ezna\u010den\u00edm \u0161esti dragounsk\u00fdch pluk\u016f, jejich\u017e \u010d\u00edsla nad\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mezi dragounsk\u00fdmi pluky nevyu\u017eita (1., 3., 8., 9., 10. a 29.) &#8211; a k nim jako 7. a 8. \u0161avali\u0161ersk\u00fd-kopinick\u00fd oba pluky Viselsk\u00e9 legie i nad\u00e1le v p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b modr\u00fdch uniform\u00e1ch a jako 9. pluk p\u016fvodn\u00ed 30. j\u00edzdn\u00ed mysliveck\u00fd pluk, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi jedotkami, obl\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed zeleno-\u017elutou kurtku a \u010derven\u00e9 kalhoty. \u0160est francouzsk\u00fdch pluk\u016f bylo nam\u00edsto hul\u00e1nsk\u00e9 czapsky vystrojeno charakteristickou p\u0159ilbu s h\u0159ebenem.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14952\" style=\"width: 245px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-111.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14952\" class=\"wp-image-14952 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-111-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-111-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-111-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-111.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14952\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; kopin\u00edci Viselsk\u00e9 legie<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_14954\" style=\"width: 246px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-141.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14954\" class=\"wp-image-14954 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-141-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"236\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-141-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-141-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-141.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; \u0159adov\u00ed kopin\u00edci<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u0161echny tyto pluky se pot\u00fdkaly se stejn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m s p\u0159ekombinovanou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed, kterou m\u011bli d\u016fstojn\u00edci Napoleonovi od po\u010d\u00e1tku za zl\u00e9. A stejn\u011b jako u gardov\u00fdch pluk\u016f byl probl\u00e9m definitivn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161en po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1813: prvn\u00ed \u0159ad nesl kop\u00ed, druh\u00fd musketon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee a\u010d &#8222;\u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i&#8220;, byli tito p\u016fvodn\u011b dragouni jezdectvem nikoli lehk\u00fdm, ale \u0159adov\u00fdm \u010di st\u0159edn\u00edm. M\u011bli i nad\u00e1le dragounsk\u00e9 kon\u011b, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e myslivci. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku rusk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed byly je\u0161t\u011b ne zcela ustaven\u00e9 pluky po eskadron\u00e1ch p\u0159id\u011bleny k diviz\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdectva, aby pro n\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly funkce lehk\u00e9 kavalerie. Ale t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed kon\u011b a specifick\u00e1 v\u00fdzbroj z nich \u010dinila \u00fa\u010dinou bitevn\u00ed zbra\u0148. Krom\u011b kopin\u00edk\u016f byli kop\u00edm vyzbrojen\u00ed tak\u00e9 kopin\u00edci-\u017eandarmov\u00e9 ve \u0160pan\u011blsku a \u010d\u00e1st nov\u00fdch pluk\u016f gardov\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f (<em>\u00e9claireurs<\/em>):<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14955\" style=\"width: 244px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-130.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14955\" class=\"wp-image-14955 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-130-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-130-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-130-117x150.jpg 117w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-130.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14955\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; kopin\u00edk-\u017eandarm ve \u0160pan\u011blsku (vpravo)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_14957\" style=\"width: 245px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-145.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14957\" class=\"wp-image-14957 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-145-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-145-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-145-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Planche-145.jpg 599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14957\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alfred de Marbot &#8211; kopin\u00edk 2. pr\u016fzkumnick\u00e9ho pluku C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba dod\u00e1vat, \u017ee v\u0161echny kopinick\u00e9 pluky budou rozpu\u0161t\u011bny spolu s ostatn\u00edmi jednotkami b\u00fdval\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na po\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9 restaurace. V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00ed spojenci Francii dovolili udr\u017eovat jedin\u00fd kopinick\u00fd pluk, kter\u00fd byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 gardy. Revoluce v roce 1830 p\u0159inesla i obnoven\u00ed \u0159adov\u00fdch kopinick\u00fdch pluk\u016f: vzniklo jich op\u011bt \u0161est (jeden p\u016fvodn\u011b gardov\u00fd, a p\u011bt p\u0159estrojen\u00edm p\u011bti mysliveck\u00fdch regiment\u016f).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Krom\u011b francouzsk\u00fdch a francouzsk\u00fdch-cizineck\u00fdch jednotek vystoupilo na Napoleonov\u011b stran\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed pluk\u016f polsk\u00fdch hul\u00e1n\u016f \u010di litevsk\u00fdch kopin\u00edk\u016f, sv\u00e9 kopin\u00edky m\u011bl Murat coby velkov\u00e9voda z Bergu a Kleve i pozd\u011bji jako kr\u00e1l neapolsk\u00fd. Hul\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi pluky disponovala c\u00edsa\u0159sko-kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 rakousk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, i rusk\u00e1, i prusk\u00e1. Britov\u00e9 kop\u00ed zavedou a\u017e po Waterloo. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee v ruk\u00e1ch zdatn\u00e9ho jezdce nen\u00ed mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jezdeck\u00e9 zbran\u011b. Tedy v boji proti jezdectvu. Na p\u011bchotu sta\u010d\u00ed d\u00fdmka.<\/p>\n<p>Viz tak\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/pravidelne-jezdectvo-francouzske-armady-organizace-1791-1803\/\">Pravideln\u00e9 jezdectvo francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u2013 organizace (1791-1803)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/general-bonie-francouzska-taktika-jezdectvo-v-boji\/\">Gener\u00e1l Bonie, Francouzsk\u00e1 taktika \u2013 jezdectvo v boji<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/francouzska-jezdecka-ordonance-z-roku-13\/\">Francouzsk\u00e1 jezdeck\u00e1 ordonance z roku 13<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitymagazin.cz\/historie\/formez-le-carre-zformujte-kare-1404059322.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formez le carr\u00e9! Zformujte kar\u00e9!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se posledn\u00ed dny staly popul\u00e1rn\u00edmi sc\u00e9ny z v\u00fdborn\u00e9ho Bondar\u010dukova v\u00fdpravn\u00e9ho filmu Waterloo s Rodem Steigerem v roli napoleona. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1b\u011bry \u00fatoku britsk\u00e9ho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho jezdeck\u00e9ho pluku Scot Greys proti p\u011bchot\u011b 1. sboru hrab\u011bte d&#8217;Erlona a &#8230;proti\u00fatoku polsk\u00fdch kopin\u00edk\u016f. Kdo byli Napoleonovi \u0161vali\u0161e\u0159i?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14956,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,14],"tags":[6030,6107,6108,6109,6106],"class_list":["post-14950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-francouzska-armada","tag-francouzske-jezdectvo","tag-jezdectvo-kopi","tag-kopinici-waterloo","tag-polsti-hulani","tag-svaliseri-kopinici"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14950"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14961,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14950\/revisions\/14961"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}