{"id":15052,"date":"2019-04-19T14:07:07","date_gmt":"2019-04-19T12:07:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=15052"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:47","slug":"bitva-u-raszynu-19-dubna-1809","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-raszynu-19-dubna-1809\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitva u Raszynu (19. dubna 1809)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Raszyn 19. 4. 1809<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Wojciech Kossak, Bitva u Raszynu (po r. 1913)<\/p><\/div>\n

Po p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u0159eky Pilica v\u00a0rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 15. dubna se husarsk\u00fd p\u0159edvoj rakousk\u00e9ho VII. sboru arciv\u00e9vody Ferdinanda n\u00e1sledovaly tak\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly. Sbor se, krom\u011b vyd\u011blen\u00fdch od\u0159ad\u016f, je\u017e m\u011bly plnit jin\u00e9 \u00fakoly, vydal za ob\u010dasn\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek jezdectva sm\u011brem k\u00a0Var\u0161av\u011b. Vst\u0159\u00edc arciv\u00e9vodovi se odpoledne 15. dubna vydal se sv\u00fdmi silami tak\u00e9 Poniatowski a o den pozd\u011bji jej n\u00e1sledoval tak\u00e9 sask\u00fd velitel, von Polentz.<\/p>\n

Ter\u00e9n u Raszyna byl Poniatowsk\u00fdm vybr\u00e1n z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, nebo\u0165 p\u016fda byla bahnit\u00e1 a mo\u017enosti man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi omezen\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo obranu i proti p\u0159esile. A v\u011bru toho bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, nebo\u0165 proti 24 000 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch mohl Poniatowski postavit jen zhruba 14 000 vlastn\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed obrann\u00e1 pozice se nach\u00e1zela severn\u011b od \u0159\u00ed\u010dky Mrowa (dne\u0161n\u00ed Raszynka), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Sasov\u00e9 tvo\u0159ili st\u0159ed. Pol\u00e1ci st\u00e1li na sv\u00fdch pozic\u00edch od je\u0161t\u011b mraziv\u00e9ho r\u00e1na, av\u0161ak prvn\u00ed jednotky protivn\u00edka se objevily na dohled a\u017e okolo poledne.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rakousk\u00fdm \u00fatokem se gener\u00e1l Ro\u017cniecki, jen\u017e byl vysunut hodn\u011b na jih, se sv\u00fdm jezdectvem po s\u00e9rii drobn\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek st\u00e1hl k\u00a0Raszynu. Okolo druh\u00e9 hodiny po poledni za\u010dala p\u00e1lit na obou stran\u00e1ch d\u011bla a gener\u00e1l Mohr za\u00fato\u010dil na st\u0159ed polsk\u00e9 pozice u vsi Falenty Du\u017ce, av\u0161ak ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s\u00a0t\u00edmto \u00fatokem za\u010daly zhruba v 15 hodin \u00fatoky na lev\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo, stoj\u00edc\u00ed u vsi Jaworowa. Byly provedeny celkem t\u0159i \u00fatoky, v\u0161echny v\u0161ak byly odra\u017eeny. Rakousk\u00fdm hrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016fm se sice poda\u0159ilo na severn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Mrowy obsadit ves Dawidy, to v\u0161ak bylo v\u0161e a o nic dal\u0161\u00edho se nepokusili. Rakousk\u00e9 lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo se do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch akc\u00ed za celou bitvu nepustilo, v\u00e1zalo v\u0161ak svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed jednu polskou brig\u00e1du na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tento ne\u00fasp\u011bch donutil arciv\u00e9vodu pokusit se znovu prorazit st\u0159edem. Mohr mezit\u00edm vyu\u017eil sv\u00e9 p\u0159evahy v\u00a0d\u011blech (24:9) a bombardoval polsk\u00e9 pozice. To p\u0159ineslo Pol\u00e1k\u016fm nejen ztr\u00e1ty na lidech, ale vybuchlo i n\u011bkolik voz\u016f s\u00a0munic\u00ed a Falenty za\u010daly ho\u0159et. Okolo 18. hodiny pak kone\u010dn\u011b Mohrovy snahy p\u0159inesly \u00fasp\u011bch a protivn\u00edk se musel st\u00e1hnout z\u00a0Falent i vsi Janki. Rakou\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci ve dvou kolon\u00e1ch za\u00fato\u010dili na Raszyn, jeho\u017e \u010d\u00e1st se jim okolo 20. hodiny poda\u0159ilo obsadit. Nebyli v\u0161ak schopni p\u0159es bahnit\u00fd ter\u00e9n p\u0159isunout d\u011bla, tak\u017ee nemohli \u00fasp\u011bchu vyu\u017e\u00edt. Naopak polsk\u00e1 d\u011bla p\u00e1lila na rakousk\u00e9 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ky a o hodinu pozd\u011bji nastoupili Pol\u00e1ci do proti\u00fatoku. Ten unaven\u00ed a t\u011b\u017ece zkou\u0161en\u00ed Raku\u0161an\u00e9 nevydr\u017eeli a z\u00a0Raszyna museli ustoupit. Byla tma a bitva pomalu kon\u010dila. V\u00a010 hodin ve\u010der svolal Poniatovski radu a bylo rozhodnuto ustoupit do Var\u0161avy, nebo\u0165 bitva sv\u016fj c\u00edl splnila.<\/p>\n

Ztr\u00e1ty na obou stran\u00e1ch nebyly pom\u011brn\u011b nikterak velk\u00e9, dos\u00e1hly v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 10% sil. Pol\u00e1ci p\u0159i\u0161li o necel\u00fdch 1400 mu\u017e\u016f (450 padl\u00fdch, 900 ran\u011bn\u00fdch a 40 zajatc\u016f), rakousk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty jsou odhadov\u00e1ny zhruba na 2500 mu\u017e\u016f (800 padl\u00fdch a 1600 ran\u011bn\u00fdch)[i]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Lejnar<\/p>\n

(Ze sborn\u00edku Bitva u Znojma a v\u00e1lka roku 1809<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

\n

[i]<\/a> Zcela jin\u00e9 \u00fadaje uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u201eMa\u0142a encyklopedia wojskowa\u201c. Polsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty jsou zde, dle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, vy\u010d\u00edsleny na 1001 mu\u017ee (267 padl\u00fdch, 487 ran\u011bn\u00fdch, 78 zajat\u00fdch a 169 nezv\u011bstn\u00fdch), rakousk\u00e9 pak na 408 mu\u017e\u016f (74 padl\u00fdch, 262 ran\u011bn\u00fdch a 72 zajat\u00fdch). Schels pak polsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na padl\u00fdch a ran\u011bn\u00fdch ud\u00e1v\u00e1 jako zna\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b 300 zajatc\u016f, vlastn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty pak podle n\u011bj nedosahovaly ani 400 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ter\u00e9n u Raszyna byl Poniatowsk\u00fdm vybr\u00e1n z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, nebo\u0165 p\u016fda byla bahnit\u00e1 a mo\u017enosti man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi omezen\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo obranu i proti p\u0159esile. A v\u011bru toho bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, nebo\u0165 proti 24 000 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch mohl Poniatowski postavit jen zhruba 14 000 vlastn\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":15054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,31],"tags":[6135,6138,6136,6137],"class_list":["post-15052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-evropa-v-letech-1789-1821","tag-bitva-u-raszynu","tag-general-poniatowski","tag-raszyn-1809","tag-varsavske-vevodstvi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15052"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15055,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15052\/revisions\/15055"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}