{"id":15931,"date":"2020-01-24T12:43:56","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T10:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=15931"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:46","slug":"napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805\/","title":{"rendered":"Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Francouzsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da revolu\u010dn\u00edch a napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt, na rozd\u00edl od arm\u00e1d sv\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f, dostate\u010dn\u011b prob\u00e1dan\u00e1 a popsan\u00e1, a to i u n\u00e1s. Nepochybn\u011b p\u0159itahuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost \u2013 nen\u00ed divu, ohromuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem po dvacet let v\u00edt\u011bzila nad <\/em>Starou Evropou<em> a i jej\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eky zasti\u0148uj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy jej\u00edch soupe\u0159\u016f, snad s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou bitvy u Lipska. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>P\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce si neklade za c\u00edl podat vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed charakteristiku Napoleonovy arm\u00e1dy v\u00a0roce 1805, ale m\u00e1 b\u00fdt komplexn\u00edm \u00favodem do t\u00e9matu. Nesna\u017e\u00ed se o popis d\u011bj\u016f, ale o \u00favod k\u00a0popisu struktury arm\u00e1dy, je\u017e k\u00a0pozad\u00ed t\u011bchto d\u011bj\u016f neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed. Pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edm struktur\u00e1m a administrativn\u00edmu zabezpe\u010den\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, organizaci jednotek a zp\u016fsobu nasazen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch zbran\u00ed v poli \u2013 tedy t\u011bm oblastem, je\u017e lze do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry sv\u00e1zat z\u00e1vazn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy. \u00dasp\u011bch kombinace t\u011bchto prvk\u016f byl ji\u017e v\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00fd na kvalit\u00e1ch velitele a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlivech. V\u00a0roce 1805 m\u011bla arm\u00e1da v\u00a0\u010dele velitele nad jin\u00e9 kvalitn\u00edho a okolnosti byly v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v\u00a0roce 1805<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Napoleonova arm\u00e1da m\u011bla za sebou dev\u011bt let v\u00e1lek s\u00a0evropsk\u00fdmi mocnostmi (1792-1801) a dlouhou a d\u016fkladnou p\u0159\u00edpravu na vylod\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Anglii (1803-1805), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/mytus-o-napoleonove-invazi\/\">jakkoli je ot\u00e1zkou, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry byl takov\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br nejen re\u00e1ln\u00fd, ale skute\u010dn\u00fd<\/a>. Jej\u00ed s\u00edla spo\u010d\u00edvala v\u00a0modern\u00ed organizaci, schopn\u00e9m velitelsk\u00e9m sboru, na svou dobu vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00fdlov\u00e9m zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, realistick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu rekvizic. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto vlastnosti umo\u017enily prov\u00e9st Napoleonovi jeho z\u00e1m\u011bry a v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi\u00a0chybami protivn\u00edka, je\u017e c\u00edsa\u0159 dok\u00e1zal tak\u0159ka beze zbytku vyu\u017e\u00edt, rozhodly ulmsk\u00e9 i slavkovsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Arm\u00e1dn\u00ed administrativa byla \u0159\u00edzena ministerstvem v\u00e1lky (<em>d\u00e9partement de la guerre<\/em>) a ministerstvem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 administrativy (<em>d\u00e9partement de l\u2019administration de la guerre<\/em>). Arm\u00e1da se skl\u00e1dala z\u00a0tzv. hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu arm\u00e1dy (<em>\u00e9tat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019arm\u00e9e<\/em>), m\u00edstn\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f (<em>\u00e9tats-majors des places<\/em>), jednotek p\u011bchoty (<em>infanterie<\/em>), jednotliv\u00fdch zbran\u00ed jezdectva (<em>cavalerie<\/em>), d\u011blost\u0159electva (<em>artillerie<\/em>), \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska (<em>g\u00e9nie<\/em>), ne\u0159adov\u00fdch jednotek (<em>corps hors ligne<\/em>), veter\u00e1n\u016f (<em>v\u00e9t\u00e9rans<\/em>), vojensk\u00fdch \u0161kol (<em>\u00e9coles militaires<\/em>), a zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby (<em>service de sant\u00e9<\/em>). P\u0159epravu proviantu zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo vojensk\u00e9 vozatajstvo (<em>\u00e9quipages militaires<\/em>). V\u00fdsadn\u00ed postaven\u00ed mimo\u00a0r\u00e1mec arm\u00e1dy m\u011bla C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda (<em>Garde Imp\u00e9riale<\/em>), je\u017e zahrnovala elitn\u00ed jednotky v\u0161ech zbran\u00ed, tvo\u0159ila z\u00e1lohu arm\u00e1dy a byla c\u00edsa\u0159ovou osobn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. K\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b pat\u0159ilo administrativn\u011b i c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010detnictvo (<em>gendarmerie imp\u00e9riale<\/em>), je\u017e plnilo celou \u0159adu \u00faloh a podl\u00e9halo podle okolnost\u00ed tak\u00e9 ministerstvu policie (<em>d\u00e9partement de la police<\/em>) a spravedlnosti (<em>d\u00e9partement de la justice<\/em>). N\u00e1rodn\u00ed garda (<em>garde nationale<\/em>) byla arm\u00e1dn\u00ed rezervou ur\u010denou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k ochran\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vrchn\u00edm velitelem francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy byl c\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon. M\u011bl k\u00a0dispozici sv\u016fj Vojensk\u00fd d\u016fm (<em>Maison militaire de l\u2019Empereur<\/em>), tedy C\u00edsa\u0159skou gardu; a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vysok\u00e9 hodnostr\u00e1\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed (kte\u0159\u00ed byli sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <em>C\u00edsa\u0159ova domu<\/em>), osobn\u00ed pobo\u010dn\u00edky, kabinet (sekretari\u00e1t, \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed, archivn\u00ed a p\u0159ekladatelskou slu\u017ebu a topografick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed). Spolu s\u00a0Velk\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1bem (<em>Grand \u00e9tat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/em>) tvo\u0159ili tito d\u016fstojn\u00edci a slo\u017eky tzv. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hlavn\u00ed stan (<em>Grand quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral imp\u00e9rial<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ministrem v\u00e1lky byl od \u0159\u00edjna 1800 do srpna 1807 Berthier a jeho ministerstvo odpov\u00eddalo za takov\u00e9 v\u011bci jako jsou odvody, organizace jednotek, discipl\u00edna, p\u0159esuny vojsk,\u00a0v\u00fdplata slu\u017en\u00e9ho, jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed do funkc\u00ed, vojensk\u00e9 \u0161koly, a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u011blost\u0159electva a \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska tak\u00e9 materi\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>. Ministrovi v\u00e1lky podl\u00e9hal \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdbor pro p\u0159ehledy a spr\u00e1vu jednotek (<em>comit\u00e9 centrale des revues et de l\u2019administration des troupes<\/em>), kter\u00fd \u0159\u00eddil pr\u00e1ci p\u0159ehledov\u00fdch inspektor\u016f (<em>inspecteurs aux revues<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>. Inspekto\u0159i vypracov\u00e1vali pro ministerstvo a hlavn\u00ed stan pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159ehledy po\u010detn\u00edch stav\u016f arm\u00e1dn\u00edch jednotek, dohl\u00ed\u017eeli na formov\u00e1n\u00ed, reorganizace a rozpou\u0161ten\u00ed jednotek, sledovali jejich \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed, \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdcviku a pln\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed, apod.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ministerstvo arm\u00e1dn\u00ed administrativy \u0159\u00eddil od b\u0159ezna 1802 do ledna 1810 gener\u00e1l Dejean. Odpov\u00eddalo za podm\u00ednky ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed proviantem a v\u00fdstroj\u00ed, arm\u00e1dn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017ebu, o\u0161acen\u00ed, krmen\u00ed a v\u00fdstroj pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata, atp. Dejeanovi podl\u00e9hal hlavn\u00ed intendant (<em>intendant g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/em>), jemu\u017e byli pod\u0159\u00edzeni v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed komisa\u0159i (<em>commissaires des guerres<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>. Komisa\u0159\u016fm podl\u00e9hali zam\u011bstnanci vojensk\u00e9 administrativy (<em>administration militaire<\/em> \u2013 tisk\u00e1rny, od\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, proviant a v\u00fd\u017eiva), \u0159\u00eddli d\u016fstojn\u00edky zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby a vojensk\u00e9 vozatajstvo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vlastn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eba arm\u00e1dy byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna sborem tzv. v\u00fdplatc\u016f (<em>corps des payeurs<\/em>), kte\u0159\u00ed podl\u00e9hali ministerstvu st\u00e1tn\u00ed poklady (<em>d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor public<\/em>), v\u00a0jeho \u010dele st\u00e1l Fran\u00e7ois Barb\u00e9-Marbois. Hierarchie sboru zahrnovala gener\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdplatce (<em>payeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Guerre<\/em>), jemu\u017e asistoval v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd kontrolor (<em>contr\u00f4leur de la Guerre<\/em>). Jim byli pod\u0159\u00edzeni tzv. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdplatci st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny (<em>payeurs ext\u00e9rieurs du Tr\u00e9sor public<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u016fsobili ve \u0161t\u00e1bech vojensk\u00fdch diviz\u00ed (viz n\u00ed\u017ee), a tzv. gener\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdplatci (<em>payeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/em>) jednotliv\u00fdch arm\u00e1d, je\u017e jmenoval na ministr\u016fv n\u00e1vrh s\u00e1m c\u00edsa\u0159. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f sbor\u016f byli tzv. hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdplatci (<em>payeurs principaux<\/em>), v\u00a0divizn\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1bech pak tzv. zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdplatci (<em>payeurs particuliers<\/em>) ozna\u010dovan\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako divizn\u00ed v\u00fdplatci (<em>payeurs divisionnaires<\/em>). Sborov\u00ed a divizn\u00ed v\u00fdplatci m\u011bli sv\u00e9 adjunkty (<em>adjoints<\/em>) a pokladn\u00edky (<em>caissiers<\/em>). Pokladny sbor\u016f a diviz\u00ed<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a> byly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeny povozy ta\u017een\u00fdmi osmisp\u0159e\u017e\u00edm, je\u017e poskytl d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd tr\u00e9n (viz odd\u00edl IV).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vojensk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va Francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed byla v\u00a0roce 1805 rozd\u011blena do 28 tzv. vojensk\u00fdch diviz\u00ed (<em>divisions militaires<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a>. Pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 operace byly sestavov\u00e1ny arm\u00e1dy (<em>arm\u00e9es<\/em>) slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edch sbor\u016f a\/nebo diviz\u00ed. Arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor (<em>corps d\u2019arm\u00e9e<\/em>) se skl\u00e1dal z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu\u00a0p\u011bchotn\u00edch diviz\u00ed (zpravidla dvou) a divize (nebo samostatn\u00e9 brig\u00e1dy) zpravidla lehk\u00e9ho, n\u011bkdy \u0159adov\u00e9ho jezdectva. Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed jezdeck\u00fd sbor Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy pak z\u00a0diviz\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho a \u0159adov\u00e9ho jezdectva. Arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor disponoval tak\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleckou z\u00e1lohou a \u017eenijn\u00edmi jednotkami. P\u011bchotn\u00ed divize (<em>division d\u2018infanterie<\/em>) m\u011bla zpravidla dv\u011b brig\u00e1dy (<em>brigades<\/em>) \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty, brig\u00e1du lehk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty a tzv. divizi p\u011b\u0161\u00edho a j\u00edzdn\u00edho d\u011blost\u0159electva. Jezdeck\u00e1 divize (<em>division de cavalerie<\/em>) pak dv\u011b a\u017e t\u0159i brig\u00e1dy jezdectva a divizi (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u016fldivizi) j\u00edzdn\u00edho d\u011blost\u0159electva.<\/p>\n<p><u>Obsah:<\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-staby\/\">I. \u0160t\u00e1by<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-a-hodnosti-tituly-funkce\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha A (syst\u00e9m hodnost\u00ed)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-pechota\/\">II. P\u011bchota<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-b-valecny-stav-pluku-pechoty\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha B (organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulky)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-jezdectvo\/\">III. Jezdectvo<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-c-valecny-stav-pluku-jezdectva\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha C (organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulky)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-delostrelectvo-a-zenijni-vojsko\/\">IV. D\u011blost\u0159electvo<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-prilohy-d-e-f-g-valecny-stav-delostrelectva-a-zenijniho-vojska\/\">p\u0159\u00edlohy D, E (organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulky) a F (technick\u00e9 parametry v\u00fdzbroje)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-delostrelectvo-a-zenijni-vojsko\/\">V. \u017denijn\u00ed vojsko<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-prilohy-d-e-f-g-valecny-stav-delostrelectva-a-zenijniho-vojska\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha G (organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulky)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-neradove-jednotky-a-veterani\/\">VI. Ne\u0159adov\u00e9 jednotky<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-neradove-jednotky-a-veterani\/\">VII. C\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed veter\u00e1ni<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-vojenske-skoly\/\">VIII. Vojensk\u00e9 \u0161koly<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-zdravotni-sluzba\/\">IX. Zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eba<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-h-hodnosti-zdravotni-sluzby\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha H (syst\u00e9m hodnost\u00ed)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-vojenske-vozatajstvo\/\">X. Vojensk\u00e9 vozatajstvo<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-cisarska-garda\/\">XI. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-i-tabulkove-stavy-cisarske-gardy\/\">p\u0159\u00edloha I (syst\u00e9m hodnost\u00ed a organiza\u010dn\u00ed tabulky)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-cetnictvo-a-vojenska-justice\/\">XII. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010detnictvo<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-cetnictvo-a-vojenska-justice\/\">XIII. Vojensk\u00e1 justice<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-narodni-garda-a-konskripce-odvody\/\">XIV. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed garda<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-narodni-garda-a-konskripce-odvody\/\">XV. Dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed arm\u00e1dy \u2013 konskripce<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-prameny-a-literatura\/\">Prameny a literatura.<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Ministr v\u00e1lky z\u00e1rove\u0148 dohl\u00ed\u017eel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. Spr\u00e1vy st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu (<em>Administration des poudres et salp<\/em><em>\u00eatres<\/em>) na produkci a stavy st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> Podle v\u00fdnosu z\u00a09. pluvi\u00f4se roku IX (29. ledna 1800) bylo 6 vrchn\u00edch p\u0159ehledov\u00fdch inspektor\u016f (<em>inspecteurs en chef aux revues<\/em>) v\u00a0hodnosti divizn\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f, 18 p\u0159ehledov\u00fdch inspektor\u016f v\u00a0hodnosti brig\u00e1dn\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f a 36 p\u0159ehledov\u00fdch podinspektor\u016f (<em>sous-inspecteurs aux revues<\/em>) v\u00a0hodnosti \u0161\u00e9f\u016f batalionu a kapit\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> Podle v\u00fdnosu z\u00a09. pluvi\u00f4se roku VIII (29. ledna 1800) 4 vrchn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed komisa\u0159i (<em>commissaires-ordonnateurs en chef<\/em> \u2013 pro v\u00fd\u017eivu; pro zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017ebu; pro p\u0159epravu; a pro oble\u010den\u00ed a krmivo), 35 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edch komisa\u0159\u016f (<em>commissaires-ordonnateurs<\/em>), 240 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f (<em>commissaires des guerres<\/em>) a 35 adjunkt\u016f v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f (<em>adjoints aux commissaires des guerres<\/em>). V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed komisa\u0159i byli vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni na z\u00e1klad\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky (matematika, teorie vojensk\u00e9 administrativy a \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed), uchaze\u010d musel b\u00fdt Francouz, m\u00edt alespo\u0148 25 let, slou\u017eit minim\u00e1ln\u011b 3 roky ve vojsku a m\u00edt dobr\u00fd slu\u017eebn\u00ed posudek.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> Do 9. prosince 1804 ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdplatci (<em>payeurs de la Guerre<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> Plukovn\u00ed pokladny ji\u017e do pravomoci v\u00fdplatc\u016f nespadaly.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> V\u00a0roce 1791, kdy byly vojensk\u00e9 divize z\u0159\u00edzeny, jich bylo 23, do roku 1810 vzrostl jejich po\u010det na 32. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 divize zahrnovala dva a\u017e sedm departement\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Publikujeme po \u0161estn\u00e1cti letech upraven\u00fd a dopln\u011bn\u00fd text p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku ze sborn\u00edku T\u0159et\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka 1805: Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805: \u0161t\u00e1by, p\u011bchota, jezdectvo, d\u011blost\u0159electvo, \u017eenijn\u00ed vojsko, ne\u0159adov\u00e9 jednotky, veter\u00e1ni, vojensk\u00e9 \u0161koly, zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eba, vozatajstvo, C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed garda, \u010detnictvo, konskripce, vojensk\u00e1 justice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,14,142],"tags":[5875,5863,5918,5931,6213],"class_list":["post-15931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-francouzska-armada","category-prubeh","tag-bitva-u-slavkova","tag-francouzska-armada","tag-napoleonova-armada","tag-treti-koalicni-valka","tag-valka-roku-1805"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15931"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16243,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15931\/revisions\/16243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}