{"id":15962,"date":"2020-01-24T13:30:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T11:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=15962"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:45","slug":"napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-cisarska-garda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-cisarska-garda\/","title":{"rendered":"Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805: C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>XI. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dekretem z\u00a010. thermidoru roku XII (29. \u010dervence 1804) se z\u00a0dosavadn\u00ed Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a> (<em>Garde Consulaire<\/em>) stala proslul\u00e1 C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda (<em>Garde Imp\u00e9riale<\/em>). Byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nov\u011b se formuj\u00edc\u00edho C\u00edsa\u0159ova vojensk\u00e9ho domu (<em>Maison militaire de l\u2019Empereur<\/em>), ur\u010dena k\u00a0Napoleonov\u011b osobn\u00ed ochran\u011b i jako elitn\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed sbor arm\u00e1dy. Jej\u00ed jednotky se dopl\u0148ovaly podle p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed mezi nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi voj\u00e1ky \u0159adov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (a n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva), garda m\u011bla vlastn\u00ed administrativu, vlastn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017ebu. Ve v\u0161em m\u011bla p\u0159ednost \u2013 dost\u00e1vala nejlep\u0161\u00ed stravu, m\u011bla n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 uniformy z\u00a0kvalitn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, slu\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka gardy bylo v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slu\u017en\u00e9 na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni u \u0159adov\u00fdch jednotek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>XI.1 Slo\u017een\u00ed C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy <\/strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-i-tabulkove-stavy-cisarske-gardy\/\">viz tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edloha I<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Slo\u017een\u00ed C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy platn\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1805 bylo ur\u010deno zakl\u00e1dac\u00edm dekretem z\u00a010. thermidoru roku XII (29. \u010dervence 1804), kter\u00fd byl dopln\u011bn n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Tvo\u0159il ji jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b (<em>\u00e9tat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/em>), pluk p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (<em>r\u00e9giment de grenadiers \u00e0 pied<\/em>), pluk p\u011b\u0161\u00edch myslivc\u016f (<em>r\u00e9giment de chasseurs \u00e0 pied<\/em>), pluk j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (<em>r\u00e9giment de grenadiers \u00e0 cheval<\/em>), pluk j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f (<em>r\u00e9giment de chasseurs \u00e0 cheval<\/em>), d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd sbor (<em>corps d\u2019artillerie<\/em>), elitn\u00ed legie \u010detnictva (<em>l\u00e9gion d\u2019\u00e9lite de gendarmerie<\/em>) a batalion n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f (<em>bataillon de marins<\/em>).<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>XI.2 Hlavn\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gard\u011b veleli 4 gener\u00e1lplukovn\u00edci (<em>colonels g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/em>) \u2013 pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edky, pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed myslivce, pro jezdectvo a\u00a0 pro d\u011blost\u0159electvo a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a> K\u00a0hlavn\u00edmu \u0161t\u00e1bu d\u00e1le pat\u0159il 1 p\u0159ehledov\u00fd inspektor (<em>inspecteur aux revues<\/em>), 1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd komisa\u0159 (<em>commissaire des guerres<\/em>), 12 pobo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f (<em>aides-de-camp<\/em>), 1 \u0161\u00e9f batalionu \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska (<em>chef de bataillon du g\u00e9nie<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> a 1 knihovn\u00edk (<em>biblioth\u00e9caire<\/em>). Celkov\u00fd p\u0159edpisov\u00fd stav hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu tak \u010dinil 20 mu\u017e\u016f. Tento hlavn\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b \u0159\u00eddil slu\u017ebu a administrativu gardy obecn\u011b. V\u00a0poli formovala garda sv\u00e9bytn\u00fd z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed sbor a b\u011bhem ta\u017een\u00ed roku 1805 podl\u00e9hala velen\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1la Bessi\u00e8resa, n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem \u0161t\u00e1bu byl brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Roussel, p\u011bchot\u011b velel brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Soul\u00e8s a jezdectvu brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Ordener.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.1 P\u011bchota<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Podle v\u00fdnosu ze 7. frimairu roku VIII (28. listopadu 1799) tvo\u0159ily p\u011bchotu Gardy Konsul\u016f dva bataliony p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a jedna rota lehk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty (<em>compagnie d\u2019infanterie l\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/em>). Rota lehk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena na batalion p\u011b\u0161\u00edch myslivc\u016f 21. fructidoru roku VIII (8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1800), druh\u00fd batalion byl zalo\u017een 23. brumairu roku X (14. listopadu 1801) a v\u00fdnosem ze 17. vent\u00f4se roku X (8. b\u0159ezna 1802) byla stanovena organizace sbor\u016f p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a myslivc\u016f (<em>Corps des grenadiers \u00e0 pied, corps des chasseurs \u00e0 pied<\/em>), oba byly slo\u017eeny ze \u0161t\u00e1bu a dvou batalion\u016f. 10. thermidoru roku XII (22. ledna 1804) byly oba sbory ozna\u010deny jako pluky (<em>r\u00e9giments<\/em>) a byl vytvo\u0159en sbor velit\u016f (<em>v\u00e9lites<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a> o dvou batalionech, jeden pro ka\u017ed\u00fd pluk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mabot69.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16066\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mabot69.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"596\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mabot69.jpg 596w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mabot69-148x150.jpg 148w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/mabot69-295x300.jpg 295w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><\/a><em>P\u011b\u0161\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edci (Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Podle zakl\u00e1dac\u00edho dekretu C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy se oba pluky p\u011bchoty skl\u00e1daly ze \u0161t\u00e1bu, dvou batalion\u016f p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (myslivc\u016f) a jednoho batalionu velit\u016f. Gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd a mysliveck\u00fd batalion m\u011bly po osmi rot\u00e1ch (102 mu\u017e\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9), batalion velit\u016f m\u011bl rot p\u011bt (po 191 mu\u017e\u00edch). Druh\u00e9 bataliony velit\u016f budou vytvo\u0159eny dekretem z 10. brumairu roku XIV (1. listopadu 1805), ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00a0s\u00edle \u201ealespo\u0148 800 mu\u017e\u016f\u201c, sejn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed rot jako p\u016fvodn\u00ed bataliony. D\u016fstojn\u00edci a podd\u016fstojn\u00edci velit\u016f byli p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1ni ze star\u00fdch rot na dobu slu\u017eby jednoho roku s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou ser\u017eant-major\u016f a fur\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli k\u00a0batalionu velit\u016f p\u0159e\u0159azeni natrvalo. \u0160t\u00e1b pluku \u010d\u00edtal 75 mu\u017e\u016f (79 po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed druh\u00e9ho batalionu velit\u016f), gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 (mysliveck\u00e9) bataliony dohromady 1632; batalion velit\u016f 955; celkov\u00fd stav pluku o t\u0159ech batalionech \u010din\u00ed 2662 mu\u017e\u016f, o \u010dty\u0159ech batalionech pak 3621 mu\u017e\u016f.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 je samo o sob\u011b dosti nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a slo\u017eit\u00e9. V\u00a0kontextu ta\u017een\u00ed roku 1805 na to ov\u0161em m\u016f\u017eeme v\u00a0podstat\u011b zapomenout, proto\u017ee 14. fructidoru roku XIII (1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805) je ur\u010deno slo\u017een\u00ed C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy coby sou\u010d\u00e1sti Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ulmsk\u00e9 a slavkovsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed gardov\u00e1 p\u011bchota zformuje dv\u011b brig\u00e1dy, gran\u00e1tnickou a mysliveckou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 bude slo\u017eena ze \u010dty\u0159 batalion\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion bude m\u00edt \u010dty\u0159i roty po 120 mu\u017e\u00edch (s rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm star\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f i velit\u016f), tedy 480 mu\u017e\u016f v\u00a0batalionu, 1920 v\u00a0brig\u00e1d\u011b + \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 batalionu, adjutant-majo\u0159i, adjutanti na ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion a brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l a jeho dva pobo\u010dn\u00edci v\u00a0\u010dele brig\u00e1dy; \u010d\u00e1st gardov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty byla ponech\u00e1na ve Francii ke st\u0159e\u017een\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch pal\u00e1c\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Saint-Cloud a Fontainebleau. K\u00a0brig\u00e1d\u00e1m ur\u010den\u00fdm pro arm\u00e1du p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed dva stejn\u011b organizovan\u00e9 bataliony (gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd a mysliveck\u00fd) Italsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 gardy, a garda tak nastupuje ta\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0s\u00edle 10 batalion\u016f p\u011bchoty, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak svou silou odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovin\u011b stavu \u0159adov\u00fdch batalion\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16074\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71.jpg 592w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71-150x145.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot71-309x300.jpg 309w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/a><em>P\u011b\u0161\u00ed myslivci (Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">\u010c\u00edm\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce. Uveden\u00e1 organizace mohla z\u0159ejm\u011b vhodn\u011b plnit sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010del p\u0159i specifick\u00fdch \u00fakolech gardov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty, kter\u00e1 nebyla jen z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edm sborem arm\u00e1dy, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b osobn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed panovn\u00edka. Krom\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f z\u0159ejm\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dojem na nep\u0159\u00edtele ud\u011bl\u00e1 informace, \u017ee gardov\u00fd sbor disponuje deseti bataliony p\u011bchoty \u2013 a\u010d ve skute\u010dnosti jde o deset velmi slab\u00fdch batalion\u016f. Ot\u00e1zkou pak je, jak byly tyto bataliony formov\u00e1ny v\u00a0poli. \u010cty\u0159i roty po 120 mu\u017e\u00edch mohou formovat sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dty\u0159i pelotony ne\u017e osm peloton\u016f (pro kter\u00e9 ani nemaj\u00ed dostatek d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f); a v\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by gardov\u00e1 p\u011bchota neman\u00e9vrovala po diviz\u00edch, ale jen po pelotonech. Alternativn\u011b mohly b\u00fdt, zejm\u00e9na pro \u00fa\u010dely gener\u00e1ln\u00ed bitvy (Slavkova), dva a dva bataliony spojeny do dvou taktick\u00fdch jednotek po osmi pelotonech, kter\u00e9 by man\u00e9vrovaly standardn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ve standardn\u00ed a s\u00a0ostatn\u00ed p\u011bchotou srovnateln\u00e9 s\u00edle.<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Skute\u010dn\u00e9 stavy k\u00a022. listopadu 1805 byly u gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho pluku 1346 (cca 70 %), u mysliveck\u00e9ho pluku 1270 (cca 66 %) mu\u017e\u016f. Pro den bitvy jsou odhadov\u00e1ny vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (v r\u016fzn\u00fdch komplilac\u00edch se v literatu\u0159e<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a> objevuj\u00ed \u010dasto \u010d\u00edsla 1519 a 1613, tedy 79 a 84 %). V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159evedeme-li tato \u010d\u00edsla na po\u010det z\u00e1stup\u016f, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 16 gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch rot asi 80 voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0rot\u011b, tedy snad 24 z\u00e1stup\u016f p\u0159i 70% stavu, nebo 30 z\u00e1stup\u016f p\u0159i 80% stavu, co\u017e je jednozna\u010dn\u011b dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo pro formaci ve t\u0159ech \u0159adech a pln\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 se stavem \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 slou\u010den\u00ed on\u011bch provizorn\u00edch batalion\u016f po dvou je nejist\u00e9 \u2013 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a> uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pro bitvu u Slavkova s\u00edlu gardov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty v\u00a0po\u010dtu deseti batalion\u016f (tedy velmi a trouf\u00e1me si \u0159\u00edci zbyte\u010dn\u011b a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fdch), jin\u00ed<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a> v\u00a0po\u010dtu \u0161esti batalion\u016f (tedy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b francouzsk\u00fdch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a myslivc\u016f slou\u010den\u00fdch).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.2 Jezdectvo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">V\u00fdnos ze 7. frimairu roku VIII (28. listopadu 1799) stanovoval slo\u017een\u00ed jezdectva Gardy Konsul\u016f na dv\u011b eskadrony jezdectva (<em>escadrons de cavalerie<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a> a jednu rotu j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f (<em>compagnie de chasseurs \u00e0 cheval<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[xii]<\/a>. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdnosu z\u00a021. fructidoru roku VIII (8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1800) byla vytvo\u0159ena druh\u00e1 mysliveck\u00e1 rota, a vznikla tak mysliveck\u00e1 eskadrona. Sbor j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f byl zalo\u017een v\u00fdnosem z\u00a018. thermidoru roku IX (6. srpna 1801), skl\u00e1dal se ze \u0161t\u00e1bu a dvou eskadron. 18. vend\u00e9miairu roku X (10. \u0159\u00edjna 1801) byla vytvo\u0159ena 3. eskadrona j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, vznikl jezdeck\u00fd sbor Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy (<em>Corps de cavalerie de la Garde Consulaire<\/em>) s\u00a0jedn\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1bem, t\u0159emi eskadronami gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a dv\u011bma eskadronami myslivc\u016f. V\u00fdnos z 23. brumairu roku X (14. listopadu 1801) ji\u017e hovo\u0159\u00ed o dvou pluc\u00edch s\u00a0vlastn\u00edmi \u0161t\u00e1by. V\u00fdnos ze 17. vent\u00f4se roku X (8. b\u0159ezna 1802) dopl\u0148oval gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd pluk o 4. eskadronu, mysliveck\u00fd pluk se sv\u00e9 3. a 4. eskadrony do\u010dkal 9. vend\u00e9miairu roku XI (1. \u0159\u00edjna 1802).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16079\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"588\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79.jpg 588w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79-150x128.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot79-351x300.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/a><em>J\u00edzdn\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edk a tymp\u00e1nista (Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">17. niv\u00f4se roku X (7. ledna 1802) byla zalo\u017eena eskadrona \u201emameluk\u016f\u201c (<em>escadron de mameluks<\/em>)<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[xiii]<\/a> o 150 jezdc\u00edch. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a voj\u00e1ci byli vybr\u00e1ni mezi Mameluky, Sy\u0159any a Kopty, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu ta\u017een\u00ed v Egypt\u011b p\u0159idali k\u00a0Francouz\u016fm a odpluli se zbytky V\u00fdchodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy rad\u011bji do Francie. 3. niv\u00f4se roku XII (25. prosince 1803) byla eskadrona redukov\u00e1na na rotu a v\u010dlen\u011bna do Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy a 30. niv\u00f4se (21. ledna 1804) p\u0159i\u0159azena k\u00a0pluku j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Podle zakl\u00e1dac\u00edho dekretu C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy m\u011bly oba pluky jezdectva \u0161t\u00e1b a \u010dty\u0159i eskadrony po dvou rot\u00e1ch, pluk myslivc\u016f m\u011bl nav\u00edc rotu mameluk\u016f. Celkov\u00fd tabulkov\u00fd stav j\u00edzdn\u00edho pluku C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy byl 1017 mu\u017e\u016f, z\u00a0toho \u0161t\u00e1b \u010d\u00edtal 33 mu\u017e\u016f a gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 (mysliveck\u00e9) eskadrony dohromady 984 mu\u017e\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dekretu ze 2. dopl\u0148kov\u00e9ho dne roku XIII (19. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805) bylo zformov\u00e1no osm rot j\u00edzdn\u00edch velit\u016f, 4 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho, 4 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci mysliveck\u00e9ho pluku (j\u00edzdn\u00ed velit\u00e9 se ta\u017een\u00ed roku 1805 na rozd\u00edl od vybran\u00fdch p\u011b\u0161\u00edch velit\u016f ne\u00fa\u010dastnili). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 jejich rota m\u011bla \u010d\u00edtat 119 mu\u017e\u016f, a s\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 do \u0161t\u00e1bu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pluku 1 \u0161\u00e9f eskadrony, 1 adjutant-major, 1 adjutant podd\u016fstojn\u00edk, a sboru j\u00edzdn\u00edch velit\u016f je p\u0159i\u0159azen tak\u00e9 jeden zbroj\u00ed\u0159.<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[xiv]<\/a> Rota mameluk\u016f \u010d\u00edtala podle dekretu z\u00a010. thermidoru roku XII 124 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16080\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"588\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82.jpg 588w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82-150x141.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82-300x282.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot82-319x300.jpg 319w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/a><em>J\u00edzdn\u00ed myslivci (Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Ov\u0161em podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u011bchoty, i pro jezdectvo je 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805 stanoveno specifick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed: bude zformov\u00e1na brig\u00e1da jezdectva podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed brig\u00e1dn\u00edmu gener\u00e1lovi a slo\u017een\u00e1 ze \u0161esti eskadron j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a \u0161esti eskadron j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f; ka\u017ed\u00e1 eskadrona v\u00a0s\u00edle 150 mu\u017e\u016f, celkem tedy 900 mu\u017e\u016f v\u00a0pluku. Mameluci nejsou zm\u00edn\u011bni, ale ta\u017een\u00ed se p\u0159i pluku j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f \u00fa\u010dastnili. U Slavkova lze ze zm\u00ednek jednotliv\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed napo\u010d\u00edtat v\u0161ech \u0161est gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch eskadron, ale jen \u010dty\u0159i mysliveck\u00e9; k\u00a022. listopadu 1805 m\u011bl m\u00edt pluk j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f 599 mu\u017e\u016f (67% stav), pluk j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f 376 mu\u017e\u016f (pro \u010dty\u0159i eskadrony 63% stav) a rota mameluk\u016f 48 mu\u017e\u016f (39% stav \u2013 pokud se tedy m\u011bla ta\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastnit kompletn\u00ed rota \u2013 na R\u00fdnu st\u00e1lo koncem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 63 mameluk\u016f).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.3 D\u011blost\u0159electvo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Podle v\u00fdnosu ze 7. frimairu roku VIII (28. listopadu 1799) byla s\u00edla d\u011blost\u0159electva Gardy Konsul\u016f stanovena na jednu lehkou rotu o 110 mu\u017e\u00edch obsluhuj\u00edc\u00edch 8 hlavn\u00ed. V\u00fdnosem z 21. fructidoru roku VIII (8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1800) byl stav roty zv\u00fd\u0161en na 157 mu\u017e\u016f, po\u010det hlavn\u00ed na 12 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vznikla rota d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho tr\u00e9nu. 19. prairialu roku XI (3. \u010dervna 1802) byla vytvo\u0159ena druh\u00e1 rota tr\u00e9nu. Sbor lehk\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva s vlastn\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1bem, eskadronou (dv\u011bma rotami) d\u011blost\u0159electva a \u010dty\u0159mi rotami tr\u00e9nu vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdnosu ze 17. vent\u00f4se roku X (8. b\u0159ezna 1802). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bylo stanoveno slo\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed sekce a d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho parku, stav d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu byl reorganizov\u00e1n v\u00fdnosem z\u00a011. brumairu roku X (3. listopadu roku 1803), v\u00fdzbroj byla stanovena na 12 kan\u00f3n\u016f a 6 houfnic (viz p\u0159\u00edloha I.8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16076\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"581\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74.jpg 581w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74-150x132.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74-300x265.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot74-340x300.jpg 340w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/a><em>Lehk\u00e9 (j\u00edzdn\u00ed) d\u011blost\u0159electvo (Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">D\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd sbor C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy se podle zakl\u00e1dac\u00edho dekretu skl\u00e1dal ze \u0161t\u00e1bu, eskadrony lehk\u00e9ho (j\u00edzdn\u00edho) d\u011blost\u0159electva, pracovn\u00ed sekce a \u010dty\u0159 rot d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho tr\u00e9nu. Celkov\u00fd tabulkov\u00fd stav d\u011blost\u0159electva \u010dinil 713 mu\u017e\u016f, z\u00a0toho 22 p\u0159i \u0161t\u00e1bu, 194 v\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch rot\u00e1ch, 469 v\u00a0rot\u00e1ch tr\u00e9nu (v\u010detn\u011b vel\u00edc\u00edho kapit\u00e1na), 19 v\u00a0pracovn\u00ed sekci a 9 p\u0159i d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9m parku.<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[xv]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">A i pro d\u011blost\u0159electvo bylo 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1805 ur\u010deno specifick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed: 2 roty po 75 mu\u017e\u00edch, ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsluhuj\u00edc\u00ed 8 kan\u00f3n\u016f, a 1 rota italsk\u00e1 (rovn\u011b\u017e 8 kan\u00f3n\u016f), ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u011blena jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0brig\u00e1d (gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9, mysliveck\u00e9 a jezdeck\u00e9). Tr\u00e9n nen\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e re\u00e1ln\u00fd stav d\u011blost\u0159electva je k\u00a022. listopadu 1805 298 mu\u017e\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159evy\u0161uje ur\u010den\u00fd stav t\u0159\u00ed rot o 73 mu\u017e\u016f; ji\u017e 29. srpna Napoleon ur\u010dil v\u00fdzbroj a v\u00fdstroj gardov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva: ka\u017ed\u00e1 divize m\u011bla obsluhovat \u010dty\u0159i 8liberky, dv\u011b 4liberky a 2 houfnice ta\u017een\u00e9 dohromady 44 ko\u0148mi, 10 muni\u010dn\u00edch povoz\u016f pro 8liberky ta\u017een\u00fdch 48 ko\u0148mi, 3 pro 4liberky ta\u017een\u00e9 14 ko\u0148mi, 8 muni\u010dn\u00edch povoz\u016f pro houfnice ta\u017een\u00fdch 36 ko\u0148mi, 5 muni\u010dn\u00edch povoz\u016f p\u011bchoty ta\u017een\u00fdch 20 ko\u0148mi, 2 dal\u0161\u00ed povozy ta\u017een\u00e9 8 ko\u0148mi, poln\u00ed kov\u00e1rnu ta\u017eenou 6 ko\u0148mi, a 3 n\u00e1hradn\u00ed lafety ta\u017een\u00e9 12 ko\u0148mi, celkem 188 kon\u00ed a 12 kon\u00ed pro hlavn\u00ed vozky (<em>haut-le-pied<\/em>), dohromady 200 kon\u00ed v\u00a0gardov\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 divizi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.4 Elitn\u00ed \u010detnictvo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Elitn\u00ed legie \u010detnictva vznikla na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdnosu z 12. thermidoru roku IX (31. \u010dervence 1801) s pov\u011b\u0159en\u00edm dohl\u00ed\u017eet na po\u0159\u00e1dek a bezpe\u010dnost v m\u00edst\u011b, kde s\u00eddlila vl\u00e1da. V\u00fdnosem z 28. vent\u00f4se roku X (19. b\u0159ezna 1802) bylo jej\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed stanoveno na \u0161t\u00e1b, dv\u011b eskadrony po dvou rot\u00e1ch j\u00edzdn\u00edch \u010detn\u00edk\u016f a p\u016flbatalion o dvou rot\u00e1ch p\u011b\u0161\u00edch \u010detn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdnosem ze 14. prairialu roku XI (3. \u010dervna 1803) byla Elitn\u00ed legie \u010detnictva za\u0159azena do Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy a p\u0159i\u010dlen\u011bna k\u00a0pluku j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-15962 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78-300x292.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78-300x292.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78-150x146.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78-308x300.jpg 308w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot78.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tJ\u00edzdn\u00ed \u010detn\u00edci (Alfred de Marbot)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76-300x253.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76-300x253.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76-150x127.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76-355x300.jpg 355w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot76.jpg 566w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tP\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u010detn\u00edci (Alfred de Marbot)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Celkov\u00fd stav legie \u010dinil 631 mu\u017e\u016f, z\u00a0toho 31 ve \u0161t\u00e1bu, 356 j\u00edzdn\u00edch a 244 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch \u010detn\u00edk\u016f.<a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[xvi]<\/a> Pro ta\u017een\u00ed bylo elitn\u00ed \u010detnictvo pod\u0159\u00edzeno Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9mu hlavn\u00edmu stavu a autorit\u011b velkomar\u0161\u00e1la pal\u00e1ce (gener\u00e1l Duroc). V\u00a0p\u0159ehledu Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy k\u00a028. \u0159\u00edjnu je najdeme jmenovan\u00e9 mezi jednotkami C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy (bez stav\u016f; bezpochyby se legie ta\u017een\u00ed ne\u00fa\u010dastnila jako celek); v\u00a0bitevn\u00edch sestav\u00e1ch u Slavkova nefiguruje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.5 N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Batalion n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f byl vytvo\u0159en na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdnosu z\u00a030. fructidoru roku XI (17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1802). M\u011bl sv\u016fj \u0161t\u00e1b a byl tvo\u0159en p\u011bti ekvip\u00e1\u017eemi (<em>\u00e9quipage<\/em>).<a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[xvii]<\/a> Voj\u00e1ci byli vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni mezi nejlep\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky s\u00a0vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011blesnou konstituc\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jejich p\u016fvodn\u00edm ur\u010den\u00edm bylo vykon\u00e1vat n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed slu\u017ebu p\u0159i Prvn\u00edm konsulovi, tvo\u0159it pos\u00e1dku jeho lodi a lod\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch hlavn\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b invazn\u00edch sil p\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9m vylod\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii. I jejich pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed v pozemn\u00edch operac\u00edch zpravidla souviselo s\u00a0obsluhou lod\u00ed, by\u0165 \u201epouze\u201c \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch \u2013 asistovali p\u0159i stavb\u00e1ch pontonov\u00fdch most\u016f a obsluhovali lodice p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1soby i jednotky. P\u0159i pozemn\u00edm nasazen\u00ed dost\u00e1vali slu\u017en\u00e9 odvozen\u00e9 od slu\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00a0gardov\u00e9m jezdectvu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16075\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"581\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73.jpg 581w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73-150x135.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/marbot73-335x300.jpg 335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/a><em>(Alfred de Marbot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Zakl\u00e1dac\u00ed dekret C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy vytv\u00e1\u0159el depot batalionu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, celkov\u00fd tabulkov\u00fd stav batalionu \u010dinil 813 mu\u017e\u016f, z\u00a0toho 7 ve \u0161t\u00e1bu, 66 v\u00a0depotu a 148 v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 ekvip\u00e1\u017ei.<a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[xviii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>XI.3.6 Veter\u00e1ni a zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">Rota veter\u00e1n\u016f Gardy Konsul\u016f (<em>Compagnie de v\u00e9t\u00e9rans de la Garde Consulaire<\/em>) byla zalo\u017eena 23. messidoru roku IX (12. \u010dervence 1801) v\u00a0s\u00edle 140 mu\u017e\u016f. Podle \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f 34 \u2013 36 zakl\u00e1dac\u00edho dekretu C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy ji tvo\u0159ili d\u016fstojn\u00edci, podd\u016fstojn\u00edci a voj\u00e1ci v\u0161ech slo\u017eek C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy, kter\u00fdm jejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, n\u00e1sledky zran\u011bn\u00ed, nebo nemoc znemo\u017e\u0148ovaly dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017ebu. K\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00ed do roty veter\u00e1n\u016f bylo tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba alespo\u0148 p\u011bti let slu\u017eby v\u00a0Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gard\u011b. Rota m\u011bla nad\u00e1le stejn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed jako rota p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, velel j\u00ed ale \u0161\u00e9f batalionu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd vel\u00edc\u00edmu plukovn\u00edkovi p\u011b\u0161\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f. Rota byla kasernov\u00e1na na z\u00e1mku ve Versailles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">\u0160pit\u00e1l z\u00a0Gros-Caillou v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei z\u016fstal nad\u00e1le gardov\u00fdm \u0161pit\u00e1lem, jeho person\u00e1l tvo\u0159il z\u00e1klad pro ambulanci C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy v poli. Zdravotn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci gardy v\u00a0roce 1805 byli: Jean-Joseph Sue, vrchn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 (<em>m\u00e9decin en chef<\/em>); Jean-Dominique Larrey, vrchn\u00ed chirurg (<em>chirurgien en chef<\/em>); Sureau, vrchn\u00ed l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk (<em>pharmacien en chef<\/em>); 5 chirurg\u016f a 5 l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016f (v\u017edy jeden 1. t\u0159\u00eddy, dva 2. t\u0159\u00eddy a dva 3. t\u0159\u00eddy).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>XI.4 V\u00fdzbroj jednotek C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00fdzbroj jednotek C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy byla slo\u017een\u00edm obdobn\u00e1 jako v\u00fdzbroj \u0159adov\u00fdch jednotek, zbran\u011b v\u0161ak byly kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud jde o paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b, byli p\u011b\u0161\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edci a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci vyzbrojeni tzv. pu\u0161kou Gardy (<em>fusil de la Garde<\/em>) vzroru An IX, je\u017e vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0p\u011bchotn\u00ed pu\u0161ky vzoru 1777 a li\u0161ila se od n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mosazn\u00fdm kov\u00e1n\u00edm a tvarem pa\u017eby. P\u011b\u0161\u00ed myslivci a velit\u00e9 m\u011bli jej\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed variantu, tzv. Velitskou pu\u0161ku (<em>fusil de V\u00e9lite<\/em>). Podobn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 nahrazovala od roku 1803 jezdeck\u00e9 musketony j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, j\u00edzdn\u00ed myslivci byli vyzbrojeni husarsk\u00fdm musketonem vzor 1786.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Mezi chladn\u00fdmi gardov\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit \u0161avli n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f (<em>sabre des marins<\/em>) s\u00a0\u0161irokou \u010depel\u00ed ur\u010denou v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro tuto jednotku. J\u00edzdn\u00ed myslivci byli vyzbrojeni \u0161avl\u00ed, je\u017e vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0husarsk\u00fdch vzor\u016f, j\u00edzdn\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edci m\u011bli v\u00a0roce 1805 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pala\u0161e Gardy Konsul\u016f (<em>sabre de la Garde des Consuls<\/em>), t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0161avle dostanou a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1806.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost zaslou\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdzbroj mameluk\u016f, kterou stanovoval v\u00fdnos z\u00a011. germinalu roku X (1. dubna 1802) \u2013 orient\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161alve, ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako <em>sabre \u00e0 la mameluk<\/em> (memeluck\u00e1) nebo <em>sabre \u00e0 la turque<\/em> (tureck\u00e1), se zna\u010dn\u011b zak\u0159ivenou \u010depel\u00ed byla jejich hlavn\u00ed a d\u00fdka dlouh\u00e1 50 cm dopl\u0148kovou chladnou zbran\u00ed. Paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b byly zastoupeny trombonem (<em>tromblon, espingole<\/em>) a dv\u011bma pistolemi.<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[xix]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>XI.5 Dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Podle dekretu ze 17. vent\u00f4se roku X (8. b\u0159ezna 1802) byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka gran\u00e1tn\u00edka stanovena na 5 stop a 6 palc\u016f (178,7 cm), v\u00fd\u0161ka myslivce na 5 stop a 4 palce (173,2 cm). P\u0159ijet\u00ed do gardy bylo odm\u011bnou za state\u010dnost a vzorn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, voj\u00e1k musel m\u00edt za sebou \u010dty\u0159i ta\u017een\u00ed, nebo b\u00fdt zran\u011bn. Zakl\u00e1dac\u00ed dekret C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy po\u017eadavky m\u00edrn\u011b upravil a stanovil syst\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m pluku p\u011bchoty, jezdectva a d\u011blost\u0159electva a v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m batalionu d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho tr\u00e9nu byl veden st\u00e1l\u00fd seznam \u0161esti podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[xx]<\/a> a voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vybr\u00e1ni pro slu\u017ebu v\u00a0C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gard\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by bylo t\u0159eba doplnit jej\u00ed stavy. Podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159ijet\u00ed do gardy byly, vyjma samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 state\u010dnosti, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0husarsk\u00e9, j\u00edzdn\u00ed mysliveck\u00e9 a dragounsk\u00e9 pluky: alespo\u0148 6 let slu\u017eby, \u00fa\u010dast na dvou ta\u017een\u00edch, v\u00fd\u0161ka alespo\u0148 5 stop a 3 palce (170,5 cm) pro husara a 5 stop a 4 palce (173,2 cm) pro myslivce a dragouna.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">karabinick\u00e9, kyrysnick\u00e9 a d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 pluky: stejn\u00e9, ale minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka 5 stop a 5 palc\u016f (176 cm).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">pluky p\u011bchoty: alespo\u0148 5 let slu\u017eby, \u00fa\u010dast na dvou ta\u017een\u00edch a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka 5 stop a 5 palc\u016f (176 cm)<a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[xxi]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">bataliony tr\u00e9nu: jako u p\u011bchoty, ale minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka byla stanovena na 5 stop a 2 palce (167,8 cm).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f byla stanovena v\u00fdnosem ze 30. fructidoru roku XI (17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1802) na 5 stop a 3 palce (170,5 cm), minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka velit\u016f odpov\u00eddala minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ce gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, nebo myslivc\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805\/\">Zp\u011bt na obsah.<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Garda konsul\u016f (<em>Garde des Consuls<\/em>) byla zalo\u017eena 20. brumairu roku VIII (11. listopadu 1799) spojen\u00edm Gardy Direktoria (<em>Garde du Directoire<\/em>) a Gardy Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru (<em>Garde du Corps l\u00e9gislatif<\/em>). V\u00fdnos ze 17. vent\u00f4se roku X (8. b\u0159ezna 1802) ji\u017e o n\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed jako o Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gard\u011b (<em>Garde Consulaire<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> Zakl\u00e1dac\u00ed v\u00fdnos t\u00e9to jednotky i zakl\u00e1dac\u00ed dekret C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy hovo\u0159\u00ed o <em>bataillon de matelots<\/em>, na praporu v\u0161ak je obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a u\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed <em>b(<\/em>atail<em>)lon de marins.<\/em> Oba francouzsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy se p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u201c, v\u00fdraz <em>matelot<\/em> je v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edka bez hodnosti a nehod\u00ed se k\u00a0obecn\u00e9mu ozna\u010den\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> Davout, Soult, Bessi\u00e8res, Mortier. Tito \u010dty\u0159i mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed a gener\u00e1lplukovn\u00edci byli jmenov\u00e1ni vrchn\u00edmi veliteli (<em>commandants en chef<\/em>) Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdnosu z\u00a023. brumairu roku X (14. listopadu 1801).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> Garda je\u0161t\u011b nem\u011bla sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u017eenisty (batalion sap\u00e9r\u016f byl vytvo\u0159en a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1810), ale stejn\u011b jako jin\u00fdm sbor\u016fm, i gard\u011b byly pro ta\u017een\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ny odd\u00edly \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vybran\u00ed odvedenci, jejich\u017e rodina (nebo oni sami) museli m\u00edt zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd stanoven\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem, kte\u0159\u00ed podstoupili v\u00a0\u0159ad\u00e1ch gardy p\u0159\u00edpravu pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed do \u0159adov\u00fdch jednotek v\u00a0podd\u016fstojnick\u00fdch hodnostech. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed absolventi v\u00fdcviku pak dostali hodnost podporu\u010d\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> Tabulka celkov\u00fdch stav\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy pro rok 1805 (nap\u0159. <em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em>, s. 75\u201376) ud\u00e1v\u00e1 1716 gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (myslivc\u016f) a 1755 velit\u016f. Pokus\u00edme-li se tato \u010d\u00edsla rozkl\u00ed\u010dovat: \u010d\u00edslo 1755 bude (podle p\u0159\u00edstupu autora k\u00a0problematice pro rok 1804) sou\u010dtem 955+800, a v\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0dekretem minim\u00e1ln\u00ed ur\u010denou silou druh\u00e9ho batalionu velit\u016f. \u010c\u00edslo 1716 bude z\u0159ejm\u011b chybn\u00fdm sou\u010dtem: \u0161t\u00e1b pluku (79) a 16 rot obou star\u00fdch batalion\u016f je dohromady 1707 mu\u017e\u016f. \u010c\u00edslo 1716 je uvedeno i pro rok 1804, kdy ov\u0161em ve \u0161t\u00e1bu pluku nemohou figurovat \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159idan\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci a podd\u016fstojn\u00edci, jejich\u017e posty byly z\u0159\u00edzeny se zformov\u00e1n\u00edm druh\u00e9ho batalionu velit\u016f. Nejde tedy patrn\u011b o dobov\u00fd \u00fadaj o tabulkov\u00e9m stavu, ale o ex-post u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd chybn\u00fd sou\u010det.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> Alobert-Colin v\u00a0p\u00e1t\u00e9m d\u00edlu na s. 200 cituj\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1la Bessi\u00e8resa: \u201eJezdectvo gardy pochodovalo ve dvou lini\u00edch, a p\u011bchota po batalionech v\u00a0sev\u0159en\u00e9 kolon\u011b po diviz\u00edch.\u201c Jde o jednu ze vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zm\u00ednek konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed formace, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e m\u011bla gardov\u00e1 p\u011bchota man\u00e9vrovat \u2013 a pokud se m\u016f\u017eeme spolehnout na mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016fv v\u00fdraz <em>par division<\/em>, jsou mal\u00e9 bataliony v\u00a0s\u00edle \u010dty\u0159 rot prakticky vylou\u010deny; ve 2. \u010d\u00e1sti t\u0159et\u00edho d\u00edlu (s. 977) najdeme mj. explicitn\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee deset batalion\u016f gardov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty skute\u010dn\u011b existovalo (p\u0159ehled <em>Francouzsk\u00fdch jednotek tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch blok\u00e1du Ulmu, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch kapitulaci t\u00e9to pevnosti a vypochodov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed pos\u00e1dky, kter\u00e1 padla do zajet\u00ed<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed 4 bataliony gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a 6 batalion\u016f myslivc\u016f, co\u017e patrn\u011b omylem zahrnuje oba italsk\u00e9 bataliony jako mysliveck\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> Goetz; Rogacki; Raynaud.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> Uhl\u00ed\u0159; <em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em> na s. 256: \u201e,&#8230;Napoleon se sv\u00fdm v\u011brn\u00fdm spolubojovn\u00edkem, mar\u0161\u00e1lem Berthierem, sv\u00fdm prvn\u00edm pobo\u010dn\u00edkem, gener\u00e1lplukovn\u00edkem (husar\u016f) Junotem a sv\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1bem st\u00e1l v\u00a0z\u00e1loze spolu <em>s\u00a0deseti bataliony sv\u00e9 gardy<\/em> a deseti bataliony gener\u00e1la Oudinota&#8230;\u201c; stejn\u011b situaci popisuje Saint-Hilaire (s. 172): \u201eJunot st\u00e1l v\u00a0\u010dele <em>deseti batalion\u016f<\/em> gardy&#8230;\u201c; dodejme, \u017ee Berthier ve sv\u00e9m hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed na jednom m\u00edst\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201e<em>n\u011bkolik batalion\u016f<\/em> gardov\u00fdch myslivc\u016f\u201c, co\u017e je formulace, kter\u00e1 by pro dva bataliony nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 srozumiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> Goetz; Castle; Kova\u0159\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a> J\u00edzdn\u00ed garda (<em>Garde \u00e0 cheval<\/em>) Gardy Direktoria (<em>Garde du Directoire<\/em>) v\u00a0s\u00edle jedn\u00e9 eskadrony byla p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na na J\u00edzdn\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edky (<em>Grenadiers \u00e0 cheval<\/em>) v\u00fdnosem z\u00a09. vent\u00f4se roku V (27. \u00fanora 1797). Prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00fdnosu ze 7. frimairu roku VIII ozna\u010duje ob\u011b eskadrony jako eskadrony jezdectva, ostatn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ji\u017e hovo\u0159\u00ed o eskadron\u00e1ch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a o j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[xii]<\/a> Prvn\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed myslivci byli vybr\u00e1ni mezi 180 j\u00edzdn\u00edmi str\u00e1\u017eci (<em>guides \u00e0 cheval<\/em>), kte\u0159\u00ed se s Bonapartem vr\u00e1tili z Egypta (jednalo se o nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky Sboru \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed ostrahy \u2013 <em>Corps des Guides d\u2019Etat-major<\/em> \u2013 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se vr\u00e1tili do Francie koncem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1801 a byli tak\u00e9 v\u010dlen\u011bni do rot j\u00edzdn\u00edch myslivc\u016f).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a> Ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b existuje \u0159ada p\u0159epis\u016f slova mameluk: <em>mamelouk, mameluck, mameluk<\/em>. Na praporci, kter\u00fd rota obdr\u017eela v\u00a0roce 1806 za v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed v\u00a0bitv\u011b u Slavkova, st\u00e1lo \u201eL\u2019EMPEREUR \/ DES FRAN\u00e7AIS \/ A LA COMP.nie DE MAMELUKS \/ DE LA GARDE \/ IMP\u00c9RIALE.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a> Tabulka celkov\u00fdch stav\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy pro rok 1805 (stejn\u011b jako u p\u011bchoty, <em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em>, s. 75\u201376) uv\u00e1d\u00ed 1018 j\u00edzdn\u00edch gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (myslivc\u016f) \u2013 tedy jednoho mu\u017ee nav\u00edc oproti tabulkov\u00e9mu stavu \u2013 a 400 velit\u016f (co\u017e je \u00fadaj z\u00a0prvn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku dekretu z 30. fructidoru roku XIII, kter\u00fd nebere ohled na \u010dl. 6 stanovuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159 rot na 119 mu\u017e\u016f).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[xv]<\/a> Tabulka celkov\u00fdch stav\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy pro rok 1805 (stejn\u011b jako u p\u011bchoty a jezdectva, <em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em>, s. 75\u201376) uv\u00e1d\u00ed 712 d\u011blost\u0159elc\u016f \u2013 tedy o jednoho mu\u017ee m\u00e9n\u011b \u2013 jde o vel\u00edc\u00edho kapit\u00e1na d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho tr\u00e9nu, kter\u00e9ho dekret neuv\u00e1d\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u010dtu d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f \u0161t\u00e1bu (a\u010d podadjutant-major a adjutant-podd\u016fstojn\u00edka ano), ale a\u017e v\u00a0\u010dl. 19 stanovuj\u00edc\u00edm slo\u017een\u00ed rot.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[xvi]<\/a> Tabulka celkov\u00fdch stav\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy pro rok 1805 (<em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em>, s. 75\u201376) uv\u00e1d\u00ed stav legie 632 mu\u017e\u016f \u2013 rozd\u00edl je patrn\u011b zavin\u011bn nejasnost\u00ed \u010dl. 21 dekretu, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201e2 podadjutant-majo\u0159i, jeden pro p\u011bchotu\u201c \u2013 v\u00a0logice p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f jde o dva d\u016fstojn\u00edky, a\u010d chyb\u00ed v\u00fdraz \u201ez toho\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[xvii]<\/a> <em>Equipage<\/em>, pos\u00e1dka, os\u00e1dka. Organiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotka v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b gardov\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0letech 1803 \u2013 1809 na \u00farovni arm\u00e1dn\u00ed roty.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[xviii]<\/a> Tabulka celkov\u00fdch stav\u016f C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 gardy pro rok 1805 (<em>Histoire de l\u2019Ex-Garde<\/em>, s. 75\u201376) uv\u00e1d\u00ed chybn\u00fd sou\u010det 806 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[xix]<\/a> V\u00fdnos hovo\u0159il tak\u00e9 o seke\u0159e, palc\u00e1tu a karabin\u011b. Sekery a palc\u00e1ty byly vyrobeny v\u00a0po\u010dtu 25 a 25 kus\u016f v\u00a0roce 1808 (nelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mameluci doplnili r\u016fzn\u00fdmi osobn\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi svou v\u00fdzbroj ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve), \u201ekarabina\u201c byla bu\u010f jezdeck\u00e1 vz. 1793 (vyr\u00e1b\u011bna ve velmi omezen\u00e9m po\u010dtu do roku VIII), nebo se jednalo o standardn\u00ed jezdeck\u00fd musketon. V\u00a0praxi se v\u00fdzbroj mameluka skl\u00e1dala ze \u0161avle, d\u00fdky, dvou pistol\u00ed za opaskem, dvou v\u00a0holstrech a trombonu. Trombony byly pozd\u011bji nahrazeny musketony.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[xx]<\/a> Podd\u016fstojn\u00edci \u0159adov\u00fdch jednotek o svou hodnost p\u0159i vstupu do gardy p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[xxi]<\/a> Dekret tedy ru\u0161il v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi p\u011b\u0161\u00edmi gran\u00e1tn\u00edky a myslivci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dekretem z 10. thermidoru roku XII (29. \u010dervence 1804) se z dosavadn\u00ed Konsul\u00e1rn\u00ed gardy (Garde Consulaire) stala proslul\u00e1 C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 garda (Garde Imp\u00e9riale). Byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nov\u011b se formuj\u00edc\u00edho C\u00edsa\u0159ova vojensk\u00e9ho domu (Maison militaire de l\u2019Empereur), ur\u010dena k Napoleonov\u011b osobn\u00ed ochran\u011b i jako elitn\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed sbor arm\u00e1dy. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,6214],"tags":[6227,5863,6230,6229,5918,6228],"class_list":["post-15962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-texty_bez_rubriky","tag-cisarska-garda","tag-francouzska-armada","tag-gardove-delostrelectvo","tag-jizdni-myslivci","tag-napoleonova-armada","tag-pesi-granatnici"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15962"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16127,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15962\/revisions\/16127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}