{"id":15998,"date":"2020-01-24T13:54:09","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T11:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=15998"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:45","slug":"napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-b-valecny-stav-pluku-pechoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/napoleonova-armada-v-roce-1805-priloha-b-valecny-stav-pluku-pechoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805: P\u0159\u00edloha B (V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd stav pluk\u016f p\u011bchoty)"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edloha B<\/h2>\n

V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd stav pluk\u016f p\u011bchoty v\u00a0roce 1805<\/h3>\n

(Napoleonova arm\u00e1da v roce 1805: P\u011bchota<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A.: peloton s vyzna\u010den\u00edm pozice pro v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky roty (krom\u011b buben\u00edk\u016f a sap\u00e9r\u016f);<\/p>\n

B.: 4. peloton se str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed praporu na lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle, prapore\u010dn\u00edkem je vybran\u00fd ser\u017eant-major fyzil\u00edr\u016f, str\u00e1\u017e praporu jsou bu\u010f fur\u00fd\u0159i nebo ser\u017eanti;<\/p>\n

C.: 8. peloton v bitevn\u00ed sestav\u011b batalionu (2. ser\u017eant na lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle prvn\u00edho a kapr\u00e1l na lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle t\u0159et\u00edho \u0159adu jako sergent <\/em>a caporal d’encadrement<\/em>)<\/p>\n

B.1 Velk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b <\/strong>(grand \u00e9tat-major<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Plukovn\u00edk<\/strong> \u2013 velitel pluku; major<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1stupce velitele pluku, n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk plukovn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu a velitel dopl\u0148ovac\u00edho batalionu; \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 batalionu<\/strong> \u2013 velitel\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho batalionu; adjutant-majo\u0159i<\/strong> (adjudant-major<\/em>) \u2013 poru\u010d\u00edci v\u00a0t\u00e9to funkci byli po dvou letech pov\u00fd\u0161eni na kapit\u00e1ny \u2013 pobo\u010dn\u00edci majora a \u0161\u00e9f\u016f batalionu, dohl\u00ed\u017eeli na v\u00fdcvik, discipl\u00ednu a pln\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed; ubytovatel-pokladn\u00edk<\/strong> (quartier-ma\u00eetre-tr\u00e9sorier<\/em>) \u2013 poru\u010d\u00edk, nebo kapit\u00e1n vedouc\u00ed \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed pluku; hlavn\u00ed chirurg<\/strong> (chirurgien-major<\/em>) \u2013 \u0159\u00eddil plukovn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edky (ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m stavu dva na ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion) zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed prvn\u00ed pomoc p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0boji a dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed na zdravotn\u00ed stav voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0pos\u00e1dce; pomocn\u00fd chirurg<\/strong> (chirurgien aide-major<\/em>); ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00fd chirurg<\/strong> (chirurgiens sous-aides-majors<\/em>).<\/p>\n

B.2 Mal\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b<\/strong> (petit \u00e9tat-major<\/em>)<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>djutant-podd\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/strong> (adjudants sous-officiers<\/em>) \u2013 prvn\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edci pluku, dohl\u00ed\u017eeli zejm\u00e9na na p\u0159ipravenost a pln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed ostatn\u00edch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, asistovali adjutant-major\u016fm; vozmistr<\/strong> (vaguemestre<\/em>) \u2013 podd\u016fstojn\u00edk (zpravidla ser\u017eant-major) koordinuj\u00edc\u00ed pluku p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 povozy a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed po\u0161tovn\u00ed slu\u017ebu; \u0159emesln\u00ed mist\u0159i<\/strong> (ma\u00eetre-ouvriers<\/em>) \u2013 \u0161vec (ma\u00eetre-cordonnier<\/em>), zbroj\u00ed\u0159 (ma\u00eetre-armurier<\/em>), krej\u010d\u00ed (ma\u00eetre-tailleur<\/em>) a kama\u0161\u00e1\u0159 (ma\u00eetre-gu\u00eatrier<\/em>) byli za\u0159azeni jako podd\u016fstojnici bez hodnosti; tambor-major<\/strong> (tambour-major<\/em>) \u2013 ser\u017eant-major, nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd tambor-mistra a kapeln\u00edka; kapr\u00e1l-tambor \u010di tambor-mistr<\/strong> (caporal-tambour, tabour-ma\u00eetre<\/em>) \u2013velitel plukovn\u00edch buben\u00edk\u016f (a kornet\u016f); kapeln\u00edk<\/strong> (chef de musique<\/em>) a 7 hudebn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong> (musiciens<\/em>).[i]<\/a><\/p>\n

B.3 \u0160t\u00e1b roty<\/strong> (\u00e9tat-major de la compagnie<\/em>) (viz tak\u00e9 Struktura roty francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Kapit\u00e1n<\/strong> (capitaine<\/em>) \u2013 velitel roty; poru\u010d\u00edk<\/strong> (lieutenant<\/em>) \u2013 velitel 1. p\u016flroty; podporu\u010d\u00edk<\/strong> (sous-lieutenant<\/em>) \u2013 velitel 2. p\u016flroty; ser\u017eant-major<\/strong> (sergent-major<\/em>) \u2013 prvn\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edk roty, dohl\u00ed\u017eel na ostatn\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edky, asistoval p\u0159i v\u00fdcviku, \u0159\u00eddil rotn\u00ed administrativu; kapr\u00e1l-fur\u00fdr<\/strong> (caporal-fourrier<\/em>) \u2013 vedl rotn\u00ed soupisy, \u0159\u00eddil rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed proviantu a z\u00e1sob a zaji\u0161\u0165oval p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

B.4 Voj\u00e1ci p\u011bchoty<\/strong><\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1k se mohl st\u00e1t gran\u00e1tn\u00edkem<\/strong> (grenadier<\/em>), nebo karabin\u00edkem<\/strong> (carabinier<\/em>), m\u011bl-li odslou\u017een\u00e9 alespo\u0148 dva roky a m\u011b\u0159il-li alespo\u0148 5 stop a 4 palce (173,2 cm).[ii]<\/a> Pro volti\u017e\u00e9ra<\/strong> (voltigeur<\/em>) platilo naopak omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky na 4 stopy a 11 palc\u016f (159,7 cm), 5 stop (162,4 cm) v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edka. Volti\u017e\u00e9r musel m\u00edt z\u00e1rove\u0148 velmi dobrou fyzickou kondici, b\u00fdt hbit\u00fd a siln\u00fd. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka voj\u00e1ka byla stanovena na 4 stopy a 9 palc\u016f (154,3 cm), pod touto hranic\u00ed byl odvedenec shled\u00e1n slu\u017eby neschopn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Buben\u00edci<\/strong> (tambours<\/em>), v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00fdch rot korneti<\/strong> (cornets<\/em>).[iii]<\/a> (viz tak\u00e9 Buben\u00edci francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty \u2013 bubenick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly (1791-1815)<\/a>)<\/p>\n

B.5<\/strong> Str\u00e1\u017e praporu<\/strong> (garde du drapeau<\/em>) (viz tak\u00e9 Str\u00e1\u017e praporu v r\u00e1mci sestavy batalionu francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion p\u011bchoty m\u011bl jednu orlici a prapor, kter\u00e9 nesl plukovn\u00edkem vybran\u00fd ser\u017eant-major jedn\u00e9 ze st\u0159edov\u00fdch rot ve funkci orlono\u0161e (porte-aigle<\/em>). Podle p\u0159edpisu z\u00a01. srpna 1791 tvo\u0159ilo str\u00e1\u017e praporu 8 kapr\u00e1l-fur\u00fdr\u016f fyzil\u00edrsk\u00fdch rot (gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota mohla b\u00fdt kdykoli od batalionu deta\u0161ov\u00e1na) \u2013 dva po boku ser\u017eant-majora a \u0161est ve dvou \u0159adech za n\u00edm. Gener\u00e1l Schauembourg ve sv\u00e9 instrukci<\/a> doporu\u010duje str\u00e1\u017e praporu zformovat ze ser\u017eant\u016f, proto\u017ee fur\u00fdr je fur\u00fdrem pro jin\u00e9 kvality ne\u017e pro schopnost p\u0159esn\u011b pochodovat \u2013 jednou z\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch rol\u00ed praporu a jeho str\u00e1\u017ee bylo p\u0159esnost\u00ed kroku fyzicky v\u00e9st batalion pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0bitevn\u00ed sestav\u011b. Str\u00e1\u017e praporu st\u00e1la lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle 4. pelotonu, byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed 2. sekce a jej\u00ed z\u00e1stupy byly zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny do vyrovnan\u00e9ho po\u010dtu z\u00e1stup\u016f pelotonu. Byla-li velena palba, stahovala se tak, \u017ee jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed \u0159ad st\u00e1l na \u00farovni t\u0159et\u00edho \u0159adu batalionu.<\/p>\n

B.6<\/strong> Sap\u00e9\u0159i<\/strong> (sapeurs<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Ani\u017e by o tom hovo\u0159il jak\u00fdkoli organiza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edpis[iv]<\/a>, byli v\u00a0r\u00e1mci gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch a karabinick\u00fdch rot vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni (v\u011bt\u0161inou z\u0159ejm\u011b \u010dty\u0159i, jak pozd\u011bji p\u0159edepisuje dekret z\u00a018. \u00fanora 1808<\/a>) nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejmohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed nad\u00e1le slou\u017eili p\u0159i \u0161t\u00e1bu jako sap\u00e9\u0159i<\/strong> (sapeurs<\/em>). V\u0161em plukovn\u00edm sap\u00e9r\u016fm velel chef de sapeurs<\/em>, vybran\u00fd kapr\u00e1l, nebo ser\u017eant. Sap\u00e9\u0159i nad\u00e1le pat\u0159ili administrativn\u011b ke sv\u00e9 rot\u011b. V bitevn\u00ed sestav\u011b batalionu nastupovali nap\u0159. za prav\u00fdm a lev\u00fdm k\u0159\u00eddlem mezi \u0161ikovateli. V\u00edce k\u00a0sap\u00e9r\u016fm viz Sap\u00e9\u0159i francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty a jezdectva \u2013 nikoli \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B.7 Celkov\u00fd tabulkov\u00fd stav pluku, stav pluku v\u00a0poli a stav batalionu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Zp\u011bt na obsah.<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

[i]<\/a> P\u0159edpisov\u00e1 (tzv. tureck\u00e1) hudba zahrnovala v\u00ed\u0159iv\u00fd buben (caisse roulante<\/em>), bub\u00ednek (caisse claire<\/em>), tureck\u00fd buben (grosse caisse<\/em>), triangl (triangle<\/em>), zvonkov\u00e9 ch\u0159estidlo zvan\u00e9 \u201e\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd klobouk\u201c (chapeau chinois<\/em>), a dva \u010dinely (cymbales<\/em>). Objevovaly se i po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed kapely, nadpo\u010detn\u00ed hudebn\u00edci nebyli ve slu\u017eebn\u00edm pom\u011bru, byli placeni na n\u00e1klady d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pluku a naj\u00edm\u00e1ni na dobu ur\u010ditou.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> P\u0159edpis z\u00a024. \u010dervna 1792.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> Ne v\u017edy se poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt schopn\u00e9 adepty, \u0159ada volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00fdch rot m\u011bla buben\u00edky, n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u011bly jednoho buben\u00edka a jednoho korneta (co\u017e platilo i pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 mysliveck\u00e9 roty).<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> V\u00fdstrojn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy existenci sap\u00e9r\u016f zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, nap\u0159. ordonance ze 4. brumairu roku X (26. \u0159\u00edjna 1801).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd stav pluk\u016f p\u011bchoty v roce 1805.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,6214],"tags":[5900,5918],"class_list":["post-15998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-texty_bez_rubriky","tag-francouzska-pechota","tag-napoleonova-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15998"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16125,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998\/revisions\/16125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}