{"id":16142,"date":"2020-02-06T19:43:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=16142"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:45","slug":"ruska-armada-1805-ii-sestava-ruskych-sil-v-bitve-u-slavkova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/ruska-armada-1805-ii-sestava-ruskych-sil-v-bitve-u-slavkova\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da 1805 – II. Sestava rusk\u00fdch sil v bitv\u011b u Slavkova"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karel Kl\u00e1til: Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v bitv\u011b u Austerlitzu v roce 1805<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

II.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sestava rusk\u00fdch sil v\u00a0bitv\u011b<\/h2>\n

Sestava rusk\u00fdch sil ve spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd m\u011b ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu \u201epron\u00e1sleduje\u201c. Existuje n\u011bkolik jej\u00edch popis\u016f, v\u0161echny v\u0161ak vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0jednoho zdroje[i]<\/a>, o jeho\u017e v\u011brohodnosti \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0p\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00fdch po\u010detn\u00edch stavech \u2013 je nutno pochybovat. Chci se nyn\u00ed pokusit, za pomoci materi\u00e1l\u016f a podklad\u016f z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch archiv\u016f a pramen\u016f, o sestaven\u00ed co nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sestavy rusk\u00fdch kolon. Nebudu se v\u0161ak zat\u00edm pou\u0161t\u011bt do jak\u00fdchkoliv odhad\u016f po\u010dt\u016f \u2013 tolik rusk\u00e9 prameny je\u0161t\u011b neodhalily. Na vysv\u011btlenou \u2013 a\u017e doned\u00e1vna trp\u011bla rusk\u00e1 (a p\u0159edt\u00edm i sov\u011btsk\u00e1<\/em>) vojensk\u00e1 historiografie jak\u00fdmsi \u201eslavkovsk\u00fdm syndromem\u201c, \u010desky \u0159e\u010deno \u2013 ticho po p\u011b\u0161in\u011b o v\u0161em, co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 slavkovsk\u00e9 bitvy. V\u011bt\u0161ina anglicky p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00edch autor\u016f se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na carsk\u00e9ho historika Michajlovsk\u00e9ho-Danilevsk\u00e9ho. J\u00e1 mu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uji, proto\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad do sestavy gardov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva v\u00a0bitv\u011b za\u0159adil d\u011blost\u0159eleckou polorotu Imper\u00e1torsk\u00e9 milice, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak byla postavena a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1806. Proto dnes m\u016fj pokus nebude \u00fapln\u00fd, douf\u00e1m ale, \u017ee se mi co nejd\u0159\u00edve poda\u0159\u00ed tuto stavebnici poskl\u00e1dat do konce.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ci zat\u00edm zt\u011b\u017euje n\u011bkolik chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kamen\u016f: 1.<\/strong> Je a\u017e n\u00e1padn\u011b podez\u0159el\u00e1 absence svodn\u00fdch gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch batalion\u016f (podrobn\u011bji ve t\u0159et\u00ed kapitole t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce<\/em>). Nechyb\u00ed v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m bitevn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku p\u0159ed a po tomto ta\u017een\u00ed. Jejich nep\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00a0\u00fastupov\u00fdch boj\u00edch Kutuzovova sboru je mo\u017en\u00e1, tam ne\u0161lo o klasickou bitevn\u00ed sestavu, ale \u2013 podle v\u0161ech mn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch z\u00e1sad rusk\u00e9 taktiky \u2013 u Slavkova b\u00fdt prost\u011b musely. 2.<\/strong> Sestava d\u011blost\u0159electva, l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno jednotliv\u00fdch d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch rot v\u00a0kolon\u00e1ch. U v\u011bt\u0161iny autor\u016f to vypad\u00e1 tak, \u017ee se bitvy z\u00fa\u010dastnily dv\u011b\u00a0 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 roty: Jermolovova a kn\u00ed\u017eete Ja\u0161vila. Bylo jich tam ale p\u0159es dvacet\u2026 3.<\/strong> U\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 po\u010dty jednotliv\u00fdch pluk\u016f \u2013 nelze vz\u00edt jednodu\u0161e tabulkov\u00fd stav, ode\u010d\u00edst od n\u011bj 20% a tvrdit, \u017ee zn\u00e1m po\u010detn\u00ed stavy pluk\u016f v\u00a0den bitvy (t\u0159et\u00ed kapitola by mn\u011bla toto m\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed vysv\u011btlit<\/em>). Pros\u00edm proto sv\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e o shov\u00edvavost, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b bych r\u00e1d p\u0159edlo\u017eil sestavu hotovou.<\/p>\n

Bitevn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek rusk\u00fdch sil v\u00a0sestav\u011b spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u010d\u00edtal t\u0159i \u010dist\u011b rusk\u00e9 kolony, ve dvou sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch kolon\u00e1ch tvo\u0159ily jejich rusk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti prakticky samostatn\u00e9 brig\u00e1dy, podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed rakousk\u00e9mu velen\u00ed pouze form\u00e1ln\u011b a p\u0159edvoj, kter\u00fd byl ve skute\u010dnosti pravok\u0159\u00eddeln\u00ed kolonou cel\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0kolon byla rozd\u011blena na dv\u011b p\u011b\u0161\u00ed brig\u00e1dy nestejn\u00e9 s\u00edly. Jezdeck\u00e9 pluky, byly-li v\u00a0p\u011b\u0161\u00edch kolon\u00e1ch za\u0159azeny (I., II., p\u0159edvoj<\/em>), podl\u00e9haly veliteli kolony pouze form\u00e1ln\u011b \u2013 v\u00a0bitv\u011b mn\u011bly sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u00fakoly. Tak\u00e9 jezdeck\u00e9 pluky rusk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti V. kolony byly postaveny do dvou brig\u00e1d. Prvn\u00ed t\u0159i kolony (p\u011b\u0161\u00ed<\/em>) podl\u00e9haly nav\u00edc spole\u010dn\u00e9mu velen\u00ed genpor. hr. Fedora Fedorovi\u010de (Friedricha Wilhelma von<\/em>) Buxh\u00f6wdena. Carsk\u00e1 Garda tvo\u0159ila samostatn\u00fd sbor. \u010cerven\u011b ozna\u010deny jsou pluky Podolsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\t\t