{"id":16294,"date":"2020-05-13T18:30:26","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T16:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=16294"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:45","slug":"hrobka-pamatniku-mohyla-miru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/hrobka-pamatniku-mohyla-miru\/","title":{"rendered":"Hrobka Pam\u00e1tn\u00edku Mohyla m\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O Pam\u00e1tn\u00edku Mohyla m\u00edru bylo ji\u017e \u0159e\u010deno a naps\u00e1no mnoho. V\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bch, kdo o n\u011bm sly\u0161eli, tak\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee je ve skute\u010dnosti tak\u00e9 hrobkou pro ostatky padl\u00fdch slavkovsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Jak ale ona hrobka vypad\u00e1, a co (kdo) v\u00a0n\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd klid, p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum z\u00a0listopadu roku 1992.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hrobka byla ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ji\u017e od p\u016fvodn\u00ed my\u0161lenky postavit pam\u00e1tn\u00edk. Os\u00e1rium, tedy kostnice, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo slou\u017eit (a st\u00e1le slou\u017e\u00ed) k\u00a0ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ostatk\u016f padl\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod \u00farovn\u00ed podlahy kaple pam\u00e1tn\u00edku. Vstup do n\u011bj je kryt zdobenou deskou z masivn\u00edho syenitu. Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 uzav\u0159en\u00fd prostor kv\u00e1drovit\u00e9ho tvaru o d\u00e9lce 5 metr\u016f a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 3 metry. Do\u00a0hrobky v\u0161ak vedou v\u011btrac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 od roku 1992 proti vniknut\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, nebo\u0165 po otev\u0159en\u00ed byla hrobka o\u010di\u0161t\u011bna od n\u00e1nosu zeminy a uhynul\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at. V\u00a0hrobce se nach\u00e1zely celkem 4 rakve: dv\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00e9 po stran\u00e1ch a dv\u011b men\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0ose hrobky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sedmidenn\u00ed antropologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum kostern\u00edch poz\u016fstatk\u016f provedli poslucha\u010di magistersk\u00e9ho studia Antropologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Masarykovy univerzity v\u00a0Brn\u011b pod veden\u00edm MUDr. Vladim\u00edra Novotn\u00e9ho, CSc. Z\u00a0tohoto v\u00fdzkumu vznikla pom\u011brn\u011b stru\u010dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va. Prozkoum\u00e1ny byly ostatky ulo\u017een\u00e9 ve dvou dubov\u00fdch rakv\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zely p\u0159i del\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b hrobky (men\u0161\u00ed rakve byly ponech\u00e1ny nedot\u010deny). Zkouman\u00e9 rakve byly napln\u011bny kostmi, kter\u00e9 sem byly ulo\u017eeny po n\u00e1hodn\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu v\u00a0are\u00e1lu boji\u0161t\u011b bitvy u Slavkova. Jednotliv\u00e9 kosti byly z\u00a0rakve vyjmuty, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bny a do\u0161lo t\u00e9\u017e k\u00a0vyt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch ostatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rakv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Celkov\u00fd po\u010det lidsk\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f byl 4\u00a0584 kost\u00ed a kostern\u00edch \u00falomk\u016f. Jednalo se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o mlad\u00e9 mu\u017ee, vzhledov\u011b velmi rozd\u00edln\u00fdch t\u011blesn\u00fdch typ\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 etnick\u00e9 r\u016fznorodosti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f bitvy. Kosti musely pat\u0159it minim\u00e1ln\u011b 65 osob\u00e1m, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det osob, kter\u00fdm ostatky mohly n\u00e1le\u017eet, je 126. Re\u00e1ln\u00fd po\u010det se pohybuje mezi ob\u011bma \u010d\u00edsly. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd byl v\u0161ak n\u00e1lez poz\u016fstatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159ily \u017eensk\u00e9mu pohlav\u00ed.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>Jedn\u00e1 se o celkem 10 \u017een, co\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed 15 % z\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00edho po\u010dtu osob. Pr\u016fzkum prok\u00e1zal pohlav\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b dle poporodn\u00edch zm\u011bn na p\u00e1nv\u00edch, v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdch, nejv\u00fd\u0161e pak desetin\u00e1sobn\u00fdch. Co se v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9ho ur\u010den\u00ed t\u00fd\u010de, prokazuj\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky zna\u010dnou variabilitu s\u00a0minimem 146 cm a maximem 183 cm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o men\u0161\u00ed vzr\u016fst mezi 150- 180 cm. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsouv\u0161ak i kosti odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed velmi robustn\u00edm, urostl\u00fdm mu\u017esk\u00fdm t\u011bl\u016fm.Kostern\u00ed poz\u016fstatky n\u00e1le\u017eely osob\u00e1m v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, od dvaceti do pades\u00e1tilet\u00fdch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159es 10 % pat\u0159\u00ed nedosp\u011bl\u00fdm jedinc\u016fm ve v\u011bkov\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed 17- 25 let.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> N\u011bkter\u00e9 ostatky prokazateln\u011b nesly stopy bitvy: zlomeniny, pr\u016fst\u0159ely a se\u010dn\u00e9 r\u00e1ny. Velmi ojedin\u011ble se dochovala osobn\u00ed v\u00fdbava, v\u011bt\u0161inou knofl\u00edky z\u00a0uniforem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu byly kostern\u00ed poz\u016fstatky, pe\u010dliv\u011b rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9 a o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9, pietn\u011b ulo\u017eeny zp\u011bt do rakv\u00ed dle anatomick\u00e9 posloupnosti. Os\u00e1rium bylo naposledy otev\u0159eno v\u00a0roce 1995, kdy do\u0161lo k\u00a0zat\u00edm posledn\u00edmu\u00a0pietn\u00edmu ulo\u017een\u00ed ostatk\u016f padl\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Pou\u017eit\u00e9 prameny a literatura:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 30px\">NOVOTN\u00dd, Vladim\u00edr. <em>Zpr\u00e1va antropologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu kostrov\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f v\u00a0hrobce na Mohyle m\u00edru. <\/em>1992, nepublikov\u00e1no.<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 30px\">STLOUKAL, Milan a kol. <em>Antropologie. P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro studium kostry<\/em>. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum, 1999.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Autor: Lucie Gregorov\u00e1<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Pohlav\u00ed dle kostern\u00edch poz\u016fstatk\u016f se ur\u010duje nejl\u00e9pe podle kosti p\u00e1nevn\u00ed, lze ho tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozd\u00edln\u00fdch znak\u016f na lebce, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b podle robustnosti p\u00e1te\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Odhad v\u011bku neb\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u017edy p\u0159esn\u00fd, nebo\u0165 se rozli\u0161uje v\u011bk chronologick\u00fd (kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se od narozen\u00ed) a biologick\u00fd (nazna\u010duje stupe\u0148 opot\u0159eben\u00ed). Biologick\u00fd v\u011bk je \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prokazateln\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm doln\u00edch kon\u010detin, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pochody, a z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami na lopatk\u00e1ch, ke kter\u00fdm mohlo doj\u00edt no\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdstroje, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vojensk\u00fdmi tresty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O Pam\u00e1tn\u00edku Mohyla m\u00edru bylo ji\u017e \u0159e\u010deno a naps\u00e1no mnoho. V\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bch, kdo o n\u011bm sly\u0161eli, tak\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee je ve skute\u010dnosti tak\u00e9 hrobkou pro ostatky padl\u00fdch slavkovsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Jak ale ona hrobka vypad\u00e1, a co (kdo) v n\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd klid, p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum z listopadu roku 1992.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,1,2],"tags":[6260,6261,6259],"class_list":["post-16294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-aktuality","category-historicka-mista","tag-antropologicky-vyzkum","tag-masarykova-univerzita","tag-mohyla-miru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16294"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16298,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16294\/revisions\/16298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}