{"id":16518,"date":"2020-12-07T18:06:40","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T16:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=16518"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:44","slug":"vitez-nad-cisarem-napoleonem-v-dube-na-ceskolipsku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/vitez-nad-cisarem-napoleonem-v-dube-na-ceskolipsku\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00edt\u011bz nad c\u00edsa\u0159em Napoleonem v Dub\u00e9 na \u010ceskolipsku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Miloslav Kolomazn\u00edk z Dub\u00e9<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">15. \u0159\u00edjna uplynulo 200 let od \u00famrt\u00ed poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la Karla I. Filipa kn\u00ed\u017eete ze Schwarzenbergu, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 osobnosti po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed, \u0161lechtice, diplomata, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho vojev\u016fdce, jednoho z\u00a0pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed, jim\u017e se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vlekl\u00fdch napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek poda\u0159ilo p\u0159\u00edmo na bitevn\u00edm poli porazit francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Napoleona I., mnoh\u00fdmi historiky pravideln\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho za \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho g\u00e9nia, jen\u017e chodil po t\u00e9to zemi\u201c.<sup>1\/<\/sup>Ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m roce 1813 Schwarzenberg se sv\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1bem zav\u00edtal tak\u00e9 do Dub\u00e9 a na bl\u00edzk\u00fd z\u00e1mek Nov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn, kter\u00fd si na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed zvolil za sv\u00e9 s\u00eddlo a hlavn\u00ed stan.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16520\" style=\"width: 485px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16520\" class=\"wp-image-16520 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-1.jpg 475w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-1-119x150.jpg 119w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-1-238x300.jpg 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 1. Karel I. Filip kn\u00ed\u017ee ze Schwarzenbergu (1771-1820)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kn\u00ed\u017ee Karel Filip Jan Nepomuk Josef Franz de Paula Anastasiusse narodil 13. \u00fanora 1771 ve Schwarzenbersk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci ve V\u00eddni. Jako\u017eto druhorozen\u00e9mu synovi mu byla p\u0159edur\u010dena slu\u017eba u vojska, kam nastoupil ji\u017e vdeseti letech.V sedmn\u00e1cti se z\u00fa\u010dastnil sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. vedl proti Turk\u016fm na Balk\u00e1nu, a kde se Schwarzenberg zakr\u00e1tko propracoval a\u017e do \u0161t\u00e1bu poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la Laudona, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no dodnes p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i vp\u00edsni s\u00a0velezn\u00e1m\u00fdm n\u00e1p\u011bvem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let se Karel Filip vyznamenal v\u00a0tzv. protifrancouzsk\u00fdch koali\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 po Velk\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 revoluci a p\u00e1du francouzsk\u00fdch Bourbon\u016f na dlouh\u00fdch deset let zachv\u00e1tily Evropu. V\u00a0roce 1796 si v pouh\u00fdch p\u011btadvaceti letech vyslou\u017eil hodnost gener\u00e1lmajora a o \u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji byl pov\u00fd\u0161en na poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0roce 1799 se Schwarzenberg o\u017eenil s\u00a0ovdov\u011blou hrab\u011bnkou Mari\u00ed Annou z\u00a0Hohenfeldu. Jejich bohat\u00e1 korespondence se pozd\u011bji stala jedn\u00edm z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f schwarzenbersk\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho archivua cenn\u00fdm zdrojem k\u00a0t\u00e9matu historie napoleonsk\u00fdch konflikt\u016f.<sup>2\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0roce 1802 Karel p\u0159evzal od sv\u00e9ho bratra Josefa panstv\u00ed Orl\u00edk a zalo\u017eil zde mlad\u0161\u00edrodovou v\u011btev. Jej\u00ed sou\u010dasnou hlavou je \u010desk\u00fd politik a n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed kancl\u00e9\u0159, ministr a kandid\u00e1t na prezidenta \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, Karel Schwarzenberg, t.\u010d. sedm\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee orlick\u00e9 linie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0osudov\u00fdch letech 1805 a 1809 Rakousko prohr\u00e1lo oba j\u00edm vyvolan\u00e9 konflikty s\u00a0napoleonskou Franci\u00ed a zemi fakticky p\u0159ivedlo na pokraj finan\u010dn\u00edho bankrotu. Prohran\u00e1 v\u00e1lka roku 1809 jej proto p\u0159im\u011bla z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit svoji dosavadn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku. Kn\u00ed\u017ee Karel byl je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0listopadu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku jmenov\u00e1n velvyslancem v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kde se v\u00fdznamn\u011b spolupod\u00edlel na dojedn\u00e1n\u00ed a uzav\u0159en\u00ed dynastick\u00e9ho s\u0148atku c\u00edsa\u0159e Napoleona s\u00a0rakouskou arciv\u00e9vodkyn\u00ed Mari\u00ed Luisou. Na ja\u0159e roku 1811 se Napoleonovi z\u00a0tohoto svazku narodil tou\u017eebn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd syn a n\u00e1sledn\u00edk tr\u016fnu.<sup>3\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0roce 1812 Rakousko dost\u00e1lo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm spojeneck\u00fdmz\u00e1vazk\u016fm v\u016f\u010di Francii a pro p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 Napoleonovo ta\u017een\u00ed proti Rusku vystav\u011blo pomocn\u00fd sbor. Schwarzenberg byl pov\u011b\u0159en jeho velen\u00edm a kr\u00e1tce po obsazen\u00ed Moskvy byl jmenov\u00e1n poln\u00edm mar\u0161\u00e1lem.Jeho sbor \u010d\u00edtal na 30\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f a n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f s\u00a0n\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b operoval na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle Napoleonovy Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, na pomez\u00ed Litvy a Volyn\u011b.<sup>4\/<\/sup>Navzdory v\u0161em obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm, je\u017e toho roku p\u0159inesla opravdu krut\u00e1 zima, jeho sbor z\u00a0tohoto katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edho podniku vyv\u00e1zl s\u00a0nesrovnateln\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi ztr\u00e1tami, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 utrp\u011bla Napoleonova hladem, mrazemi Rusy decimovan\u00e1 arm\u00e1da.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Na konci ledna 1813 Schwarzenberg podepsal s\u00a0Rusy smlouvu o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odstartovala postupn\u00e9 stahov\u00e1n\u00ed pomocn\u00e9ho sboru za hranice \u010cech,<sup>5\/<\/sup>zat\u00edmco zubo\u017een\u00e9 zbytky kdysi v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016flmilionov\u00e9 Napoleonovy arm\u00e1dy d\u00e1l ustupovaly na z\u00e1pad, do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kde je vbrzku doplnily doslova ze zem\u011b vydupan\u00ed \u010derstv\u00ed rekruti. V boji proti Napoleonovi se k\u00a0Rusku na tomto v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161ti p\u0159ipojilo ji\u017e i mobilizovan\u00e9 Prusko, jejich spole\u010dnou jarn\u00ed kampa\u0148 v\u0161ak po s\u00e9rii por\u00e1\u017eek p\u0159eru\u0161ilo dvoum\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<sup>6\/ <\/sup>Rakousko se obratn\u011b vyv\u00e1zalo ze spojenectv\u00ed s\u00a0Napoleonem, nab\u00eddlo se do role m\u00edrov\u00e9ho zprost\u0159edkovatele a pod rou\u0161kou zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 neutrality mobilizovalo a z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch kout\u016f mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159esouvalo do \u010cech a na Moravu v\u00edce ne\u017e stotis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f budouc\u00ed tzv. \u010cesk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, jim\u017e m\u011bl v poli op\u011bt svrchovan\u011b velet kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg.<sup>7\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0Dub\u00e9 a bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed se v t\u00e9to dob\u011b kvart\u00fdrem vyst\u0159\u00eddaly dva p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluky, oba tvo\u0159en\u00e9 prozat\u00edm jen dv\u011bma bataliony, nam\u00edsto t\u0159\u00ed tabulkov\u00fdch. 1. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluk \u201eKaiser\u201c zde t\u00e1bo\u0159il od 31. kv\u011btna, na\u010de\u017e se 7. \u010dervence p\u0159em\u00edstil do \u0160t\u011bt\u00ed<sup>8\/<\/sup>a uvolnil tak m\u00edsto 41. p\u011b\u0161\u00edmu pluku \u201eKottulinsky\u201c, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejnou dobu zdr\u017eoval v\u00a0Doksech.<sup>9\/<\/sup>8. srpna se pak ob\u011b jednotkydaly op\u011bt do pohybu a pochodem p\u0159es Kr\u010dmu, D\u0159ev\u010dice a He\u0159m\u00e1nky zam\u00ed\u0159ily do Holan, odkud se p\u0159es Zahr\u00e1dky, Provod\u00edn, Doksy a\u017e k\u00a0B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem t\u00e1hla vojensk\u00fdmi opevn\u011bn\u00edmi vyztu\u017een\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed obrann\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra, tvo\u0159en\u00e1 nalevo dv\u011bma des\u00edtkami rybn\u00edk\u016f a napravo hlubok\u00fdmi lesy.<sup>10\/<\/sup>Ta p\u0159et\u00ednala strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty vedouc\u00ed ze Saska a Horn\u00ed Lu\u017eice, kde se p\u0159i hranic\u00edch aktu\u00e1ln\u011b t\u00edsnilo n\u011bkolik francouzsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1dn\u00edch sbor\u016f. Pozd\u011bji b\u011bhem dne Dubou pro\u0161ly tak\u00e9 7. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluk \u201eW\u00fcrzburg\u201c a 8. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluk \u201eErzherzog Ludwig\u201c, prv\u00fd z\u00a0le\u017een\u00ed u M\u011bln\u00edka, druh\u00fd od M\u0161ena, celkem asi 3\u00a0500 voj\u00e1k\u016f.<sup>11\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016fk\u00a0t\u00e9to obrann\u00e9 linii dorazily \u010dty\u0159i divize p\u011bchoty, ka\u017ed\u00e1 o \u0161esti pluc\u00edch, dva pluky lehk\u00e9ho jezdectva (\u0161vali\u0161er\u016f) a 11 brig\u00e1dn\u00edch d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch bateri\u00ed, dohromady asi 50\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor poln\u00edho zbrojmistra Ignatze Gyulaie .<sup>12\/<\/sup>Jeho \u00fakolem bylo podep\u0159\u00edt \u0159\u00eddce rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed jednotky,<sup>13\/<\/sup>zabr\u00e1nit nep\u0159\u00edteli t\u00e1hnout na Prahu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odtud kr\u00fdt obna\u017een\u00fd bok zhruba stotis\u00edcov\u00e9ho rusko-prusk\u00e9ho kontingentu, kter\u00fd dosud vy\u010dk\u00e1val na slezsk\u00e9m pomez\u00ed, ale ji\u017e brzy m\u011bl vyrazit na pochod do prostoru st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech.<sup>14\/<\/sup>Ji\u017e nemohlo b\u00fdt pochyb o tom, s\u00a0k\u00fdm Rakousko hodl\u00e1 spojit sv\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16521\" style=\"width: 827px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16521\" class=\"wp-image-16521 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"817\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1.jpg 817w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1-150x143.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1-768x733.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab1-314x300.jpg 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16521\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tab. 1.Ordre de Bataille rakousk\u00e9ho 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru (FZM. Gyulai) na linii obrany \u201eHolany-Doksy-B\u011bl\u00e1 pod Bezd\u011bzem\u201c ke dni 12. srpna 1813 (mkol)<\/p><\/div>\n\n\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-16518 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-150x86.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5a-500x285.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tObr. 5a. Postaven\u00ed jednotek rakousk\u00e9ho 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru (FZM. Gyulai) ke dni 7. srpna  1813 (mkol, tkol)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-150x86.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5b-500x285.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tObr. 5b. Postaven\u00ed jednotek rakousk\u00e9ho 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru (FZM. Gyulai) ke dni 8. srpna  1813 (mkol, tkol)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-150x86.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5c-500x285.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tObr. 5c. Postaven\u00ed jednotek rakousk\u00e9ho 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru (FZM. Gyulai) ke dni 9. srpna  1813 (mkol, tkol)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-150x86.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-5d-500x285.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tObr. 5d. Postaven\u00ed jednotek rakousk\u00e9ho 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru (FZM. Gyulai) na linii obrany  \u201eHolany-Doksy-B\u011bl\u00e1 pod Bezd\u011bzem\u201c ke dni 10. srpna 1813 (mkol, tkol)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"attachment_16535\" style=\"width: 662px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16535\" class=\"wp-image-16535 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"652\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2.jpg 652w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab2-500x282.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tab. 2. Ordre de Bataille rakousk\u00e9 2. lehk\u00e9 divize (FM. Bubna) ke dni 12. srpna 1813 (mkol)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O p\u016flnoci 10. srpna 1813 p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed vypr\u0161elo a za\u010dala platit jeho \u0161estidenn\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00ed lh\u016fta, je\u017e ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m poskytovala \u010das na posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy. Rakousko se otev\u0159en\u011b postavilo na stranu protinapoleonsk\u00e9 koalice a vyhl\u00e1silo Francii v\u00e1lku.Kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg p\u0159ijel t\u00e9ho\u017e dne do Dub\u00e9 od M\u011bln\u00edka a za sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed stan si zvolil tehdy vald\u0161tejnsk\u00fd z\u00e1me\u010dek Nov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn.<sup>15\/<\/sup>Stejn\u011b jako na M\u011bln\u00edku, a p\u0159edt\u00edm v\u00a0Libni u Prahy, i zde m\u011bl jeho \u0161t\u00e1b cel\u00e9 dny pln\u00e9 ruce pr\u00e1ce. Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed mobilizace si \u017e\u00e1dala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 reorganizaci arm\u00e1dy a nem\u00e9n\u011b pozornosti bylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no konsolidaci obrany a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00fdch pozic, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale bylo uv\u00e9st frontov\u00e9 i z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed jednotkydo pln\u011b bojeschopn\u00e9ho stavu. Noci ji\u017e za\u010daly b\u00fdt chladn\u00e9, po\u010das\u00ed hrozilo vytrval\u00fdmi de\u0161ti a n\u011bkter\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m p\u0159itom st\u00e1le chyb\u011blo mnoho vybaven\u00ed pro ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v poli, zejm\u00e9na stanov\u00e9 celty. \u0158adov\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm chyb\u011bly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky uniforem a v\u00fdstroje. Vypsan\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky potravin a krmiva pro kon\u011b byly konfiskov\u00e1ny mezi poddan\u00fdmi dot\u010den\u00fdch panstv\u00ed.<sup>16\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16526\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16526\" class=\"wp-image-16526 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-1024x569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-1024x569.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-150x83.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6-500x278.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-6.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16526\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 6. Z\u00e1mek Nov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn po rekonstrukci v 2. polovin\u011b 90. let. S laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fdch majitel\u016f, man\u017eel\u016f Mark\u00e9ty a Mirko Slez\u00e1kov\u00fdch<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dokument, kter\u00fd Karel I. Filip adresoval sv\u00e9 \u017een\u011b a dodnes jeuchov\u00e1n ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm oblastn\u00edm archivu v\u00a0T\u0159eboni, nab\u00edz\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd pohled do Schwarzenbergov\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed velitele arm\u00e1dy v\u00a0p\u0159edve\u010der nov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dokladem o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a pobytu tohoto vojev\u016fdce na Dubsku.<sup>17\/<\/sup>V\u00a0tomto ohledu lze rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ipomenout z\u00e1znam rozhovoru libereck\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 deputace s\u00a0c\u00edsa\u0159em Napoleonem, kter\u00fd se uskute\u010dnil v dolnoslezsk\u00e9m Lemberku (Lw\u00f3wek\u015al\u0105ski) dne 23. srpna 1813, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e Libere\u010dt\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e odkazuj\u00ed na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed stan Raku\u0161an\u016f se je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno nach\u00e1zel v\u00a0Dub\u00e9 u Doks&#8230;<sup>18\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16528\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16528\" class=\"wp-image-16528 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-7.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-7-97x150.jpg 97w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-7-194x300.jpg 194w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16528\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 7. \u010c\u00e1st Schwarzenbergova dopisu, adresovan\u00e9ho dne 14. srpna 1813 jeho \u017een\u011b Marii Ann\u011b ze z\u00e1mku Nov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn (SOA v T\u0159eboni, odd\u011blen\u00ed spr\u00e1vy fond\u016f a sb\u00edrek v T\u0159eboni, fond rodinn\u00fd archiv Schwarzenberg, sign. II-A-1\/12, karton \u010d. 138)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Ber\u0161tejn u Dub\u00e9, 14. srpna 1813.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Kone\u010dn\u011b jsem p\u0159eci jen na\u0161el \u0161\u0165astnou chvilku, napsat Ti p\u00e1r slov, m\u016fj \u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00fd and\u011bli; tak T\u011b pr\u00e1vem naz\u00fdv\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b c\u00edt\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinek Tv\u00fdch dopis\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsem v\u010dera obdr\u017eel\u2026 M\u00e1 Nani, od toho okam\u017eiku, kdy jsem T\u011b opustil, se mi st\u011b\u017e\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasu pro sebe. Toho dne jsem mohl dorazit pouze do Holan a ve zdej\u0161\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e shl\u00e9dl Weissenwolfovyjednotky, druh\u00fd den jsem odjel do Doks, kde jsem provedl p\u0159ehl\u00eddku Civalartovy a Liechtensteinovydivize, to sam\u00e9 pak u Colloreda v\u00a0B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem. Vr\u00e1til jsem se pozd\u011b v\u00a0noci, s\u00a0r\u00e1nem se objevily pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, od nich\u017e jsem se odtrhl a\u017e v\u00a0no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. P\u0159edev\u010d\u00edrem jsem sp\u011bchal do M\u011bln\u00edka, kde c\u00edsa\u0159 p\u0159ehl\u00e9dl Bianchiho divizi a nave\u010der pak zkontroloval pr\u00e1ce na obou p\u0159edmost\u00edch, v\u00a0noci jsem se vr\u00e1til zp\u011bt, b\u011bhem n\u00ed jsem pracoval na sv\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech a v\u010dera \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no jsem dorazil do Holan, kde c\u00edsa\u0159 provedl p\u0159ehl\u00eddku nad Weissenwolfovou diviz\u00ed. Odtud se jelo do Doks a B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem, kde jednotky pr\u00e1v\u011b tak pochodovaly. Sem jsem p\u0159ijel a\u017e v\u00a0noci a od dne\u0161n\u00edho r\u00e1na jsem op\u011bt zahlcen z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, na nich\u017e budu pracovat a\u017e do noci. R\u00e1no p\u0159em\u00edst\u00edm sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed stan do M\u011bln\u00edka, abych byl bl\u00ed\u017ee k d\u011bn\u00ed.Wittgenstein budepoz\u00edt\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b, krajn\u011b zdvo\u0159ile mi psal a hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je na m\u011b odk\u00e1z\u00e1n. Tedy nejpozd\u011bji do t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f bude za\u017eehnut plamen, dej B\u016fh, aby tento svat\u00fd plamen se\u017eehl jen vin\u00edky. Tam naho\u0159e je ji\u017e rozhodnuto\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Poln\u00ed podmar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 Weissenwolf, Civalart, Liechtenstein a Colloredo byli velitel\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch diviz\u00ed, poln\u00ed zbrojmistr Bianchi velel z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed divizi, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se nedaleko M\u011bln\u00edka, u Ob\u0159\u00edstv\u00ed. On\u00edm plamenem m\u011bl Schwarzenberg na mysli obnoven\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu, kter\u00e9 po vypr\u0161en\u00ed \u0161estidenn\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00ed lh\u016fty p\u0159ipadlo na \u00fater\u00fd 17. srpna 1813. Prvn\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 jednotky za\u010daly t\u00e9ho\u017e dne skute\u010dn\u011b pronikat za \u010desk\u00e9 hranicea b\u011bhem p\u011bti dn\u016fobsadily oba severo\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky i \u0161irok\u00fd p\u00e1s \u00fazem\u00ed na vnitrozemsk\u00e9 stran\u011b hor. Nepostoupily odtud v\u0161ak hloub\u011bji ne\u017e k\u00a0rozvodn\u011bn\u00e9 Plou\u010dnici a n\u011bkolika pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm val\u016fm za n\u00ed.<sup>19\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Raku\u0161an\u00e9 mezit\u00edm realizovali nov\u00fd pl\u00e1n a od \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodindne 15. srpna za\u010dali obrann\u00e1 postaven\u00ed se st\u0159edem u Provod\u00edna opou\u0161t\u011bt a stahovat se do velk\u00e9ho poln\u00edho le\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0prostoru mezi Slan\u00fdm a Louny.C\u00edle jejich postupu podl\u00e9haly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu mo\u017en\u00e9mu utajen\u00ed.M\u011bstem Dub\u00e1 tehdy od Doks pro\u0161lo hned dvan\u00e1ct p\u011b\u0161\u00edch pluk\u016f 3. a 4. divize, asi 22\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, a p\u0159es Sn\u011bdovice pokra\u010dovaly k\u00a0p\u0159echod\u016fm na lev\u00fd b\u0159eh Labe. Zbyl\u00e9 dv\u011b divize, 1. a 2. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed, postupovaly od B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem p\u0159es M\u0161enona M\u011bln\u00edk, resp. od Holan na Lib\u011b\u0161ice a Terez\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Jejich dosavadn\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed \u00falohu zde m\u011bla p\u0159evz\u00edt tzv. 1. kolona gener\u00e1la jezdectva Wittgensteinaod rusko-prusk\u00e9ho kontingentu, tabulkov\u011b asi 31 000 Rus\u016f a 80 d\u011blov\u00fdch hlavn\u00ed. Ta ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ekro\u010dila \u010desk\u00e9 hranice u Trutnova a zam\u00ed\u0159ila na Ku\u0159\u00edvody, kam p\u0159es Mnichovo Hradi\u0161t\u011b dorazila 15. odpoledne. O den pozd\u011bji se rusk\u00e9 jednotky za\u010daly rozvinovat do p\u016fvodn\u00edch rakousk\u00fdch postaven\u00ed, ale je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e dne je zastihl Schwarzenberg\u016fvrozkaz k\u00a0odchodu.17. srpna se Rusov\u00e9 soust\u0159ediliv\u00a0Doksech a pochodem p\u0159es Dubou a Sn\u011bdovice zah\u00e1jili p\u0159esun do m\u00edst soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kam ji\u017e po jin\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch sm\u011b\u0159ovalo i ostatn\u00edch p\u011bt kolon rusko-prusk\u00fdch posil.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16529\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16529\" class=\"wp-image-16529 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-1024x505.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-1024x505.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-150x74.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-768x379.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3-500x247.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/tab3.jpg 1225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tab. 3. Ordre de Bataillerusk\u00e9 1. kolony (GdK. Wittgenstein) ke dni 17. srpna 1813 (mkol)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_16531\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16531\" class=\"wp-image-16531 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-1024x584.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-9-500x285.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16531\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 9. Trasa postupu1. rusk\u00e9 kolony (GdK.Wittgenstein) ve dnech 13. \u2013 19. srpna 1813 (mkol, tkol)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg str\u00e1vil na z\u00e1mkuNov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn celkem p\u011bt noc\u00ed,od \u00fater\u00fd 10. do ned\u011ble 15. srpna.<sup>20\/<\/sup>N\u00e1sledn\u011b sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed stan vr\u00e1til na lobkovick\u00fd z\u00e1mek na M\u011bln\u00edku, kde se 17. uskute\u010dnila prvn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 porada z\u00e1stupc\u016f v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdch velmoc\u00ed. Zde byl mj. p\u0159ijat Schwarzenberg\u016fv pozd\u011bji \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b realizovan\u00fd pl\u00e1n v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvy ve sm\u011bru na sask\u00e9 Lipsko.<sup>21\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">18. srpna Schwarzenberg odjel do Slan\u00e9ho. Z\u00a0\u201ejeho\u201c \u010cesk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy se v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed stala \u201eHlavn\u00ed\u201c a nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed arm\u00e1da, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrt milionu mu\u017e\u016f, na\u010de\u017e se rakousk\u00fd poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l po s\u00e9rii vojensk\u00fdch i politick\u00fdch vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed stal jej\u00edm vrchn\u00edm velitelem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">19. srpna se na pl\u00e1n\u00edch mezi Vran\u00fdm a Peruc\u00ed uskute\u010dnila velk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159ehl\u00eddka asi 100\u00a0000 Raku\u0161an\u016f, j\u00ed\u017e p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeli panovn\u00edci Rakouska, Ruska a Pruska. Francouzsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon I. se t\u00e9ho\u017e dne v\u00a0podve\u010der objevil v\u00a0Jablonn\u00e9m v\u00a0Podje\u0161t\u011bd\u00ed, aby se zde osobn\u011b informoval o postaven\u00edch a pohybech sv\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f.<sup>22\/<\/sup>P\u0159ed p\u016flnoc\u00ed se odtud vydal do \u017ditavy, na\u010de\u017e se brzy r\u00e1no vypravil na cestu do Slezska, kde jej moment\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017eovala jin\u00e1 spojeneck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, nazvan\u00e1 Slezsk\u00e1.<sup>23\/<\/sup>O n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji odtud sp\u011bchal k slab\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmDr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan\u016fm, kde proti n\u011bmu za\u00fato\u010dil Schwarzenberg, jen\u017e mezit\u00edm ji\u017e 20. opustil le\u017een\u00ed u Vran\u00e9ho a s\u00a0celou arm\u00e1dou vyrazil p\u0159es Kru\u0161n\u00e9 hory k\u00a0sask\u00e9 metropoli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Napoleon, kter\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u011b \u010delil spojeneck\u00fdm ofenz\u00edv\u00e1m na t\u0159ech front\u00e1ch, vrcholn\u011b zaimprovizoval, cestou posb\u00edral n\u011bkolik arm\u00e1dn\u00edch sbor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti sil, je\u017e se doposud zdr\u017eovaly na \u010desk\u00e9m pomez\u00ed a 27. srpna u Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan vybojoval sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Schwarzenberga, kter\u00e9ho vrhl zp\u011bt a\u017e za Kru\u0161n\u00e9 hory, v\u0161ak zni\u010dit nedok\u00e1zal a s\u00e1m nakonec p\u0159i\u0161el o cel\u00fd jeden arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor, jen\u017e 30. srpna slo\u017eil zbran\u011b po urputn\u00e9 dvoudenn\u00ed bitv\u011b u P\u0159estanova a Chlumce.<sup>24\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16532\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16532\" class=\"wp-image-16532 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10-453x300.jpg 453w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-10.jpg 1546w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 10. Francouzsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon se sv\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1bem (HoraceVernet, 1850)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Francouzsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 se my\u0161lenky na vp\u00e1d do \u010cech nevzdal a ve dnech 16. \u201318. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se znovu pokusil prorazit v\u00a0Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Spojenci tentokr\u00e1t nep\u0159ipustili jak\u00e9koliv zav\u00e1han\u00ed, Francouze odrazili a postupn\u011b je vyman\u00e9vrovali a\u017e k\u00a0Lipsku, kde je ve dnech 16. \u2013 19. \u0159\u00edjna porazili v\u00a0dosud nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bitv\u011bd\u011bjin, pro n\u00ed\u017e se brzy v\u017eil n\u00e1zev \u201eBitva n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c. Do krvav\u00fdch boj\u016f se tu zapojilo p\u0159es p\u016fl milionu voj\u00e1k\u016f z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161iny n\u00e1rod\u016f Evropy!<sup>25\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Lipsko p\u0159ineslo k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd obrat v\u00a0cel\u00e9 kampani a Schwarzenberg byl toho hlavn\u00edm architektem. Napoleon musel N\u011bmecko nakonec vyklidit a ani na R\u00fdnu na p\u0159elomu let 1813\u20131814, ani na vlastn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed Francie ji\u017e nedok\u00e1zal zbrzdit, nato\u017e zcela zastavit v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd postup spojeneck\u00fdch arm\u00e1d. Kdy\u017e 31. b\u0159ezna padla Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e, Napoleon abdikoval a ode\u0161el do nucen\u00e9ho exilu na st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fd ostrov Elba, zat\u00edmco Schwarzenberga \u010dekal n\u00e1vrat na jeho panstv\u00ed a jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed do funkce prezidenta dvorsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 rady ve V\u00eddni.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16533\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16533\" class=\"wp-image-16533 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-1024x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-1024x625.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-768x469.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3-491x300.jpg 491w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 3. Kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdm panovn\u00edk\u016fm zpr\u00e1vu o v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v bitv\u011b u Lipska (Johann Peter Krafft, 1817)<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_16534\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16534\" class=\"wp-image-16534 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-1024x750.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-1024x750.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-768x562.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Obr.-11-410x300.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16534\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr. 11. Orl\u00edk nad Vltavou kolem roku 1818. Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed dobov\u00fd akvarel zachycuje architekturu Schwarzenbergova s\u00eddla je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed neogotickou p\u0159estavbou i Vltavu ve star\u00e9m koryt\u011b (V. L. Janscha \u2013 K. Postl).<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kdy\u017e Napoleon roku 1815 uprchl z Elby a znovu zah\u00e1jil v\u00e1lku, Schwarzenberg proti n\u011bmu op\u011bt t\u00e1hlv \u010dele \u010cesk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Ne\u017e v\u0161ak sta\u010dil dorazit, spojen\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Brit\u00e1nie a Pruskarozhodly poln\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed u belgick\u00e9ho Waterloo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00a0lednu 1817 prod\u011blal kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg z\u00e1chvat mrtvice, je\u017e zas\u00e1hla prav\u00e9 rameno a nohu. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby vycestoval v b\u0159eznu 1820 do Lipska, kde se jeho zdravotn\u00ed stav po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch zlep\u0161en\u00edch prudce zhor\u0161il. Zem\u0159el 15. \u0159\u00edjna 1820, v\u00a0p\u0159edve\u010der v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jeho nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<sup>26\/<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>POZN\u00c1MKY<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u011bkter\u00e9 studiefrancouzsk\u00e9mu c\u00edsa\u0159i p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u00a0celkem 78 bitv\u00e1ch, t\u0159i bitvy m\u011bly skon\u010dit nerozhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem, jako nap\u0159. velmi krvav\u00e1 bitva u Prusk\u00e9ho J\u00edlov\u00e9ho (dnes rusk\u00fd Bagrationovsk) z\u00a0\u00fanora 1807, a ve t\u0159ech p\u0159\u00edpadech Napoleon ode\u0161el z\u00a0pole pora\u017een.V\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1809 jej na dohled od V\u00eddn\u011b, u vesnic Aspern a Esslingu, porazil rakousk\u00fd arciv\u00e9voda Karel (obr. 2). Ve \u010dty\u0159denn\u00ed bitv\u011b u Lipska, v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 1813, velel v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdm spojeneck\u00fdm arm\u00e1d\u00e1m poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Karel I. Filip ze Schwarzenbergu (obr. 3). V \u010dervnu 1815 si Napoleonu Waterloo vyl\u00e1mal zuby na pevn\u00e9 obran\u011b Anglo-batavsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Arthura Wellesleye, 1. v\u00e9vody z\u00a0Wellingtonu (obr. 4).\u00a0Jeho beztak v\u00fdrazn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed bilanci mj. podtrhuje tak\u00e9 fakt, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed a napoleon\u0161t\u00ed vrchn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 ztratili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017edou druhou bitvuz\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 109 (Blatn\u00fd 1995, s. 207).<\/li>\n<li>Schwarzenbergovu francouzsko-n\u011bmecky psanou korespondenci, adresovanou mezi lety 1799-1816 jeho \u017een\u011b Marii Ann\u011b, kni\u017en\u011b zpracoval Johann Friedrich (Jan Bed\u0159ich) Nov\u00e1k v\u00a0roce 1913. Z\u00a0povale\u010dn\u00fdch autor\u016f jmenujme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dlouholet\u00e9ho t\u0159ebo\u0148sk\u00e9ho archiv\u00e1\u0159e Josefa Hanesche, jen\u017e na podklad\u011b Schwarzenbersk\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch p\u00edsemnost\u00ed vypracoval n\u011bkolik studi\u00ed a tematick\u00fdch katalog\u016f, mapuj\u00edc\u00edch vojensk\u00e1 ta\u017een\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eete Karla I. Filipa na sklonku napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek, nap\u0159. Vojensk\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Karla Schwarzenberga v roce 1812-1813 (1968), Napoleonovo ta\u017een\u00ed do Ruska 1812-1813 (1972), Osvobozeneck\u00e1 v\u00e1lka 1813-1815 (1986).<\/li>\n<li>Napoleon\u016fv jedin\u00fd legitimn\u00ed syn se narodil 20. b\u0159ezna 1811 a dostal jm\u00e9no Napoleon Franti\u0161ek Josef Karel Bonaparte, francouzsky Napol\u00e9on-Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph-Charles Bonaparte. Po p\u00e1du francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed se ocitl v\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di sv\u00e9ho d\u011bda, rakousk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka I., a v\u00a0roce 1816 se stal v\u00e9vodou z\u00e1kupsk\u00fdm. Zem\u0159el na tuberkul\u00f3zu 22. \u010dervence 1832, ve v\u011bku pouh\u00fdch 21 let. Z\u00e1kupy b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho \u017eivota nikdy nenav\u0161t\u00edvil. V\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch se posmrtn\u011b v\u017eila jeho p\u0159ezd\u00edvka Orl\u00edk, l\u00b4Aiglon, syn orla.<\/li>\n<li>Kova\u0159\u00edk 2015, s. 15.<\/li>\n<li>Kova\u0159\u00edk 2015, s. 31.<\/li>\n<li>Kolomazn\u00edk 2015.<\/li>\n<li>Glaise von Horstenau 1913, s. 12.<\/li>\n<li>Glaise von Horstenau 1913, p\u0159\u00edloha XXI.; Pizzighelli 1881, s. 387-391.<\/li>\n<li>Glaise von Horstenau 1913, p\u0159\u00edloha XXI.; Formanek 1887, s. 116-119.<\/li>\n<li>Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 poln\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00a0nich\u017e se n\u011bkter\u00e1 dochovala a\u017e dodnes, sehr\u00e1la d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu ji\u017e ve v\u00e1lce o bavorsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed (1778-1779), zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako \u201ebramborov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka\u201c nebo \u201e\u0161vestkov\u00e1 mela\u201c. V\u00a0roce 1813 je rakou\u0161t\u00ed \u017eenijn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i op\u011btovn\u011b vyu\u017eili a s\u00a0nemalou pomoc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatelstva zes\u00edlili. Proslul\u00e9, asi 1,5 km dlouh\u00e9 liniov\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, je\u017e se t\u00e1hne p\u0159es skalnat\u00fd h\u0159eben Dlouh\u00e9ho vrchu u Provod\u00edna, rekonstruoval \u017eenijn\u00ed major Gabriel svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Rummerskirch (Glaise von Horstenau 1913, s. 10). Jin\u00e1 drobn\u00e1 sd\u011blen\u00ed o t\u011bchto cenn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. Hantschel 1911, s. 825, 831, 864.<\/li>\n<li>Glaise von Horstenau 1913, p\u0159\u00edloha XXI.; Chronik des k. k. 7. Linien-Infanterie-Regimentes 1869, s. 50; Schweigerd 1857, s. 102.<\/li>\n<li>12\/Glaise von Horstenau 1913, p\u0159\u00edloha XXI.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dasek hranic na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Labe zaji\u0161\u0165ovala rakousk\u00e1 2. lehk\u00e1 divize, j\u00ed\u017e prozat\u00edmn\u011b velel gener\u00e1lmajor hrab\u011b Neipperg. K\u00a0dispozici m\u011bl pouh\u00fdch 2\u00a0500 jezdc\u016ft\u0159\u00ed husarsk\u00fdch pluk\u016f, 3\u00a0600 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k\u016f dvou mysliveck\u00fdch batalion\u016f a batalionu hrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016f a dv\u011b j\u00edzdn\u00ed baterie s\u00a0tuctem d\u011bl. B\u011bhem letn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1st jeho sil zdr\u017eovala v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 L\u00edp\u011b (7. husarsk\u00fd), \u010cesk\u00e9 Kamenici (Petrovaradin\u0161t\u00edhrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159i) a Jablonn\u00e9m v\u00a0Podje\u0161t\u011bd\u00ed (6. mysliveck\u00fd) \u2013 Schels 1838, s.115.<\/li>\n<li>Trasy a \u010dasov\u00e9 rozvrhypochodu jednotliv\u00fdch kolon rusko-prusk\u00e9ho spojeneck\u00e9ho kontingentu v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi a st\u0159edn\u00edmi \u010cechami \u2013 Plotho 1817, s. 12-14.<\/li>\n<li>Schwarzenbergova cesta do n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 oblasti m\u011bla inspek\u010dn\u00ed, organiza\u010dn\u00ed i zpravodajsk\u00e9 aspekty. D\u016fvody, pro\u010d si rakousk\u00fd vrchn\u00ed velitel pro sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed stan vybral pr\u00e1v\u011b barokn\u00ed z\u00e1me\u010dek Nov\u00fd Ber\u0161tejn, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b dolo\u017eit. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm hlediskem byla z\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 poloha tohoto m\u00edsta v\u00a0pomysln\u00e9m t\u011b\u017ei\u0161ti v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch diviz\u00ed 3. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru na obrann\u00e9 linii Holany-Doksy-B\u011bl\u00e1 pod Bezd\u011bzem a s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enost rychl\u00e9hospojen\u00ed jak s\u00a0ob\u011bma k\u0159\u00eddly a st\u0159edem, tak se z\u00e1lohami na lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Labe, to v\u0161e je\u0161t\u011b umocn\u011bn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkost\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch cest, je\u017e se k\u0159\u00ed\u017eily v nedalek\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Dub\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg a jeho \u0161t\u00e1b se bez ust\u00e1n\u00ed pokou\u0161eli napravovat \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 se v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b objevovaly. V\u0161eobecn\u011b v\u0161ak bojoval s\u00a0nedostatkem \u010dasu a materi\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f, o \u010dem\u017e se znovu osobn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil ji\u017e b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed inspek\u010dn\u00ed cesty, kterou uskute\u010dnil ve dnech 10. a 11. srpna nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d t\u00e1bory po cel\u00e9 d\u00e9lce linie Holany-Doksy-B\u011bl\u00e1 pod Bezd\u011bzem. Prezidentovi dvorn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 rady FM. Heinrichu hrab\u011bti von Bellegarde o tom v\u00a0dopisu z\u00a011. srpna 1813 p\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: <em>\u201eB\u011bhem p\u0159esun\u016f vojsk do t\u00e1bor\u016f jsem se osobn\u011b setkal nejen s v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi st\u00ed\u017enostmi na zna\u010dn\u00fd nedostatek patronta\u0161ek, ale dokonce i s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee u<\/em><em> p\u011bchoty <\/em><em>Kottulinsky<\/em><em>a Czartori<\/em><em>sky<\/em><em> bylo na pochodu v\u00edcero lid\u00ed, jim\u017e chyb\u011bli kalhoty, kter\u00e9 nemohli dostat d\u00edky podhodnocen\u00ed z\u00e1sob ji\u017e na \u00farovni hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, je\u017e z\u00a0toho pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed c\u00edle v\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se ro\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy noci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt chladn\u00e9, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, je mi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zn\u00e1mo, stejn\u011b jako nutnost, abych na to upozornil nejprve Va\u0161\u00ed Excelenci\u2026\u201c<\/em>(Glaise von Horstenau 1913, s. 10-11). \u2026a neut\u011b\u0161en\u00fd stav jednotek rakousk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy neu\u0161el ani pozornosti venkovsk\u00e9ho u\u010ditele Antona Lehmanna z\u00a0Novin pod Ralskem, autora velezaj\u00edmav\u00fdch pam\u011bt\u00ed:<em>\u201e9. srpna vyrazilo ze sv\u00fdch kvart\u00fdr\u016f do pole vojsko, nebo\u0165 bylo p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed u konce a byl vyd\u00e1n manifest, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 vyslovil se proti Napoleonovi, aby mu vypov\u011bd\u011bl jeho svrchovanost nad v\u0161emi ciz\u00edmi c\u00edsa\u0159i a kr\u00e1li. Z\u00a0na\u0161eho okol\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017edily se odd\u00edly p\u0159i Doksech a Hrad\u010danech. Kde st\u00e1ly kdysi \u010dist\u00e9 stany, stav\u00ed se velk\u00e9 ch\u00fd\u0161e ze sl\u00e1my a klest\u00ed, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e mnoho mlad\u00fdch stromk\u016f na ko\u0148sk\u00e9 ohrady, na podp\u011bry a ty\u010de stan\u016f vyrub\u00e1no, mnoho f\u016fr sl\u00e1my z\u00a0\u0161iroka daleka k\u00a0zast\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a podestl\u00e1n\u00ed ch\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, tak\u00e9 mnoho potravin, m\u00e1sla apod., bezplatn\u011b vybr\u00e1no a sem dopraveno b\u00fdt muselo. Noviny samy musely za7 dn\u00ed do Doks <\/em><em>1 strych krup, 6 liber m\u00e1sla, 4 m\u011b\u0159ice \u017eita, 7,5 m\u011b\u0159ice je\u010dmene, 7,5 m\u011b\u0159ice ovsa a 3 f\u016fry sl\u00e1my dodat.\u201c <\/em>(Wiechowsky 1932, s. 61)<\/li>\n<li>Nov\u00e1k 1913, s. 326; Hanesch 1986, s. 48.<\/li>\n<li>Reichenberger Zeitung 1901, s. 17; Moschkau 1903, s. 38-55; \u0160vankmajer 1957, s. 263-267; \u0160vankmajer 2004, s. 100-105; Kolomazn\u00edk 2019, s. 387-388.<\/li>\n<li>Francouzsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d by s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159oval d\u00e1l do srdce \u010cech, na Prahu, d\u00edky ofenziv\u011b spojenc\u016f v\u00a0Doln\u00edm Slezsku v\u0161ak ztratil p\u016fvodn\u00ed razanci a definitivn\u00ed stopku mu vystavily snahy spojenc\u016f o dobyt\u00ed Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan. Nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly se na vnitrozemsk\u00e9 stran\u011b Lu\u017eick\u00fdch hor zdr\u017eovaly a\u017e do 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch mis\u00ed i v\u00fdprav za ko\u0159ist\u00ed se pravideln\u011b st\u0159et\u00e1valy s\u00a0hl\u00eddkuj\u00edc\u00edmi husarsk\u00fdmi patrolami od Neippergovy 2. lehk\u00e9 divize. Neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje hovo\u0159\u00ed o mnoha ob\u011btech na obou stran\u00e1ch, v\u00a0\u00famrtn\u00edch matrik\u00e1ch \u010deskolipsk\u00fdch obc\u00ed se v\u0161ak objevuj\u00ed pouze dva zabit\u00ed rakou\u0161t\u00ed jezdci:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>srpna 1813 byl v \u010cesk\u00e9 L\u00edp\u011b smrteln\u011b post\u0159elen husarsk\u00fd kapr\u00e1l Johan Schwenda od liechtensteinsk\u00e9ho regimentu. Bylo mu 22 let (obr. 8a).<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1813 zem\u0159el v\u00a0Nov\u00e9m Boru na n\u00e1sledky st\u0159eln\u00e9ho poran\u011bn\u00ed b\u0159icha husarsk\u00fd kapr\u00e1l \u0160tephanHolitzka od blankensteinsk\u00e9ho regimentu. Bylo mu 27 let (obr. 8b).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"20\">\n<li>Nov\u00e1k 1913, s. 326-327.<\/li>\n<li>Rakouskou stranu zde zastupovali FM. kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg, jeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk \u0161t\u00e1bu FML. Radeck\u00fd z\u00a0Rad\u010de, pobo\u010dn\u00edk rakousk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e FZM. Duka a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed ubytovatel GM. baron von Langenau. Rusy zastupovali gener\u00e1ln\u00ed ubytovatel GM.Dibi\u010da \u0161\u00e9f carova kabinetu GL. kn\u00ed\u017ee Volkonskij. Prusk\u00fd z\u00e1stupce nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1m, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee to byl pobo\u010dn\u00edk prusk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le GM. Knesebeck. Z\u00a0panovn\u00edk\u016f se porady \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nez\u00fa\u010dastnil:rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Franti\u0161ek I. a rusk\u00fd car Alexander I. se ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b zdr\u017eovali v\u00a0Praze a prusk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Friedrich Wilhelm III. byl st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b na cest\u011b ze Slezska (Glaise von Horstenau 1913, s. 27-34).<\/li>\n<li>Kolomazn\u00edk 2019, s. 363-364.<\/li>\n<li>Napoleonova Grande Arm\u00e9e, jej\u00ed\u017e podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se b\u011bhem letn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed 1813 soust\u0159edila mezi Labem a B\u00f3brem, se po srpnov\u00e9m obnoven\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed ocitla v\u00a0sev\u0159en\u00ed celkem t\u0159\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdch arm\u00e1d \u2013 Slezsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy prusk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la jezdectva Bl\u00fcchera, je\u017e st\u00e1lana demarka\u010dn\u00ed linii v\u00a0Doln\u00edm Slezsku, Severn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho Napoleonova mar\u0161\u00e1la Bernadotta, kter\u00fd s\u00a0n\u00ed operoval na p\u0159\u00edstupech k\u00a0Berl\u00ednu, a kone\u010dn\u011b ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch dislokovan\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy rakousk\u00e9ho mar\u0161\u00e1la Schwarzenberga (Plotho, 1817, s. 6-7).<\/li>\n<li>Kolomazn\u00edk 2013.<\/li>\n<li>Tabulkov\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech vojensk\u00fdch sil v\u00a0bitv\u011b u Lipska \u2013Kova\u0159\u00edk 2019, str. 412-442.<\/li>\n<li>Hanesch 2003, s. 77-80.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>PRAMENY A LITERATURA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Blatn\u00fd, Richard 1995, Napoleonsk\u00e1 encyklopedie. Praha.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Formanek, Jaromir 1887. Geschichte des k. k. Infanterie-RegimentesNr. 41. Czernowitz.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Glaise von Horstenau, Edmund 1913. Befreiungskrieg 1813 und 1814, Einzeldarstellungen der entscheidendenKriegsereignisse. Band 3: Feldzug von Dresden. Wien.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Hanesch, Josef 1986. Osvobozeneck\u00e1 v\u00e1lka 1813-1815 v\u00a0dokumentech rodinn\u00e9ho archivu schwarzenbersk\u00e9 sekundogenitury. Tematick\u00fd katalog. T\u0159ebo\u0148 (<a href=\"https:\/\/digi.ceskearchivy.cz\/921200001003025\/1\">https:\/\/digi.ceskearchivy.cz\/921200001003025\/1<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Hanesch, Josef 2003. Karel I. Filip, kn\u00ed\u017ee Schwarzenberg, poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l. \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Hantschel, Franz Dr. 1911. Heimatkunde des politischenBezirkes B. Leipa. B. Leipa.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Chronik des k. k. 7. Linien-Infanterie-RegimentesseitseinerErrichtung1691 bis Ende Mai 1868, 1869. Graz.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kolomazn\u00edk, Miloslav 2013. Zajet\u00ed gener\u00e1la Vandamma na z\u00e1klad\u011b vzpom\u00ednek admir\u00e1la Pavla Andrejevi\u010deKolzakova(<a href=\"http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com)\">http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kolomazn\u00edk, Miloslav 2015. Pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 okam\u017eiky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch osvobozovac\u00edch v\u00e1lek 1806-1815 ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch a korespondenci sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. \u010c\u00e1st sedm\u00e1: Hra o \u010das aneb ve\u0159ejn\u00fd m\u00edr, tajn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka(<a href=\"http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com)\">http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kolomazn\u00edk, Miloslav 2019. Napoleonsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u00a0okol\u00ed Jizersk\u00fdch hor, in: Jizersk\u00e9 hory. O historii a um\u011bn\u00ed do roku 1813, s. 354-392. Liberec.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kova\u0159\u00edk, Ji\u0159\u00ed 2015. Sbor kn\u00ed\u017eete Schwarzenberga v\u00a0Rusku roku 1812, in: Bulletin \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 napoleonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cSNS, \u010d. 63, s. 11-32. Brno.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kova\u0159\u00edk, Ji\u0159\u00ed 2019. Bitva N\u00e1rod\u016f. Napoleonova por\u00e1\u017eka u Lipska roku 1813. T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Moschkau, Alfred 1903. Napoleon I. unddiepolnisch-franz\u00f6sischeInvasion des Bezirkes<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Reichenberg-Friedlandim August 1813. EinBeitragzurheimatlichen<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Kriegsgeschichte, in: XIII. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Gebirgsvereines f\u00fcr das Jeschken und Isergebirge, ro\u010dn\u00edk 13, s. 38-55. Reichenberg.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Nov\u00e1k, Johann Friedrich 1913, Briefe des FeldmarschallsF\u00fcrsten Schwarzenberg anseine Frau 1799-1816. Wien.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Pizzighelli, Cajetan 1881. Geschichte des K. K. Infanterie-Regimentes Kaiser Franz Josef No.1, 1716-1881. Troppau.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Plotho, Carl von1817. Der Krieg in DeutschlandundFrankreich in den Jahren 1813 und 1814, svazek 2. Berlin.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">ReichenbergerZeitung, 1901. Die ReichenbergerDeputationbei Napoleon I., vyd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdtisku 8.9.1901, \u010d. 214, s. 17.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Schels, Johann Baptiste 1838. Die Vertheidigung des n\u00f6rdlichenB\u00f6hmensim August 1813, in: Oestereichischemilit\u00e4rischeZeitschrift. svazek 1, \u010d\u00e1st 2, s. 115-155. Wien.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Schweigerd, C. A. 1857. Geschichte des K. K. Infanterie_Regimentes No. 8 Erzherzog Ludwig von seinerErrichtung 1630 bis aufdasJahr 1856. Wien.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">\u0160vankmajer, Milan1957. Napoleonsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u00a0severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch roku 1813. InHistorie a vojenstv\u00ed, \u010d. 2, s. 258-272.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">\u0160vankmajer, Milan. 2004. \u010cechy na sklonku napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. 1810\u20131815<em>.<\/em>Praha.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Wiechowsky, Alexander 1932. Aus der Aufzeichnungen des Lehrers Anton Lehmannaus<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Neulandbei Niemes, Mitteilungen des Nordb\u00f6hmischen Vereines f\u00fcr Heimatforschung und Wanderpflege 55, s. 59-65, 96-104. B\u00f6hmisch Leipa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>WEBOV\u00c9 STR\u00c1NKY<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digi.ceskearchivy.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/digi.ceskearchivy.cz\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/napoleon-knihy.blogspot.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/vademecum.soalitomerice.cz\/vademecum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/vademecum.soalitomerice.cz\/vademecum\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>POU\u017dIT\u00c9 ZKRATKY<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">SOA \u2013 st\u00e1tn\u00ed oblastn\u00ed archiv<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">sign. \u2013 signatura<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">inv. \u010d. \u2013 invent\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo \u2013 Feldmarschall, poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">FZM. \u2013 Feldzeugmeister, poln\u00ed zbrojmistr<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">GdK. \u2013 General der Kavallerie, gener\u00e1l jezdectva<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">FML. \u2013 Feldmarschall-Lieutenant, poln\u00ed podmar\u0161\u00e1l<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\u2013 Generallieutenant, gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 Generalmajor, gener\u00e1lmajor<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Obr. \u2013 Oberst, plukovn\u00edk<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Plk. \u2013 Plukovn\u00edk<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Obtl. \u2013 Oberstlieutenant, podplukovn\u00edk<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Maj. \u2013 Major, major<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>15. \u0159\u00edjna uplynulo 200 let od \u00famrt\u00ed poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la Karla I. Filipa kn\u00ed\u017eete ze Schwarzenbergu, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 osobnosti po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed, \u0161lechtice, diplomata, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho vojev\u016fdce, jednoho z pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed, jim\u017e se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu vlekl\u00fdch napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek poda\u0159ilo p\u0159\u00edmo na bitevn\u00edm poli porazit francouzsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Napoleona I.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":16520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,44],"tags":[5872,5871,5867,6286],"class_list":["post-16518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-rakouska-armada","tag-5872","tag-lipsko","tag-napoleon","tag-schwarzenberg"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16518"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16537,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16518\/revisions\/16537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}