{"id":16840,"date":"2021-03-26T12:12:36","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T10:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/?p=16840"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:32:43","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:32:43","slug":"ruska-armada-v-bitve-u-austerlitzu-v-roce-1805-priloha-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/ruska-armada-v-bitve-u-austerlitzu-v-roce-1805-priloha-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v bitv\u011b u Austerlitzu v roce 1805 \u2013 P\u0159\u00edloha 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karel Kl\u00e1til: Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v bitv\u011b u Austerlitzu v roce 1805<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edloha 2<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Stupn\u011b d\u016fstojnick\u00fdch hodnost\u00ed a jejich rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Atributy d\u016fstojnick\u00e9ho stavu<\/strong> byly: klobouk s\u00a0p\u00e9\u0159ovou ozdobou, n\u00e1ramen\u00edky lemovan\u00e9 dracounovou stuhou, 140cm dlouh\u00e1 \u0161erpa tkan\u00e1 ze st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch nit\u00ed s\u00a0\u010derno-oran\u017eov\u00fdmi p\u00e1sy po stran\u00e1ch. Byla zakon\u010dena uzly s\u00a0dlouh\u00fdmi st\u0159apci z\u00a0t\u00e9ho\u017e materi\u00e1lu. D\u016fstojn\u00edkovu hodnost <\/strong>ur\u010doval n\u00e1hrudn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 v\u00a0roce 1805 byl v\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pavlovsk\u00fd vzor, zaveden\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1798. Byl z\u00a0n\u011bj pouze odstran\u011bn malt\u00e9zsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, na kter\u00e9m byl polo\u017een st\u0159edov\u00fd znak. D\u016fstojn\u00edk ho nosil kolem krku na hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stuze v\u00a0georgijevsk\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch \u2013 zlato\u017elut\u00e9 a \u010dern\u00e9. Hodnostn\u00ed stupe\u0148 ur\u010dovala kombinace barvy kovu jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtku: lemu, pole a st\u0159edov\u00e9ho znaku (imper\u00e1torsk\u00fd orel v\u00a0jeho st\u0159edu byl p\u0159itom v\u017edy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch barv\u00e1ch<\/em>).<\/p>\n

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Hodnostn\u00ed stupn\u011b byly rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00edd, stanoven\u00fdch tzv. Petrovskou tabulkou hodnost\u00ed,[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> kter\u00e1 do zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd srovn\u00e1vala hodnosti d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f arm\u00e1dy a lo\u010fstva, spolu s\u00a0hodnostmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. D\u016fstojnick\u00e9 hodnosti, za\u0159azen\u00e9 od XIV<\/strong> do VI<\/strong> t\u0159\u00eddy (XI t\u0159\u00edda se nepou\u017e\u00edvala<\/em>), byly rozd\u011bleny do dvou skupin: ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/em><\/strong> (ober-oficeri<\/em>) a \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/em><\/strong> (\u0161tabs-oficeri<\/em>) \u2013 toto ozna\u010den\u00ed nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed funkc\u00ed, lze je naz\u00fdvat ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky. N\u00e1hrudn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky jednotliv\u00fdch d\u016fstojnick\u00fdch hodnost\u00ed jsou pops\u00e1ny v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch tabulk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci (ober-oficeri)<\/em><\/u>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci (\u0161tabs-oficeri)<\/em><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nositel\u00e9 hodnostn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f XIV<\/strong> \u2013 IX<\/strong> m\u011bli n\u00e1rok na osloven\u00ed Va\u0161e Blahorod\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nositel\u00e9 hodnostn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f VIII<\/strong> \u2013 VI<\/strong> m\u011bli n\u00e1rok na osloven\u00ed Va\u0161e Vysokoblahorod\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u016fstojn\u00edci \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty m\u011bli v\u00a0popisovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen jako sou\u010d\u00e1st slu\u017eebn\u00edho stejnokroje esponton<\/strong> (podle platn\u00e9ho Poln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du se jeho stanoven\u00fdm pohybem zd\u016fraz\u0148ovaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 slovn\u00ed povely<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky, nos\u00edc\u00edmi funk\u010dn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed, byli adjutanti<\/em><\/strong> (pobo\u010dn\u00edci<\/em>) v\u0161ech stup\u0148\u016f. Ozna\u010den\u00edm jejich funkce byla zlato\u017elut\u00e1, ozdobn\u011b spl\u00e9tan\u00e1 \u0161\u0148\u016fra, p\u0159ipnut\u00e1 jedn\u00edm koncem k\u00a0prav\u00e9mu n\u00e1ramen\u00edku. Velkou smy\u010dkou proch\u00e1zela pod pravou pa\u017e\u00ed a druh\u00fd konec byl upevn\u011bn v\u00a0druh\u00e9 knofl\u00edkov\u00e9 d\u00edrce.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b pozn\u00e1mka k\u00a0n\u00e1hrudn\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtk\u016fm \u2013 myslive\u010dt\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci tyto znaky nenosili!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Stupn\u011b gener\u00e1lsk\u00fdch hodnost\u00ed a jejich rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jedin\u00fdm atributem gener\u00e1lsk\u00e9 hodnosti byl p\u00e9\u0159ov\u00fd lem horn\u00edho okraje klobouku a \u201epetlice\u201c (stuha p\u0159idr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed nejprve ma\u0161li, pot\u00e9 kokardu<\/em>), kter\u00e1 byla zhotovena ze siln\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch nit\u00ed a dole p\u0159idr\u017eov\u00e1na ozdobou ve tvaru andrejevsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy a zlat\u00e1 ozdobn\u00e1 \u0161\u0148\u016fra nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed prav\u00fd n\u00e1ramen\u00edk a spl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed stejn\u011b jako pobo\u010dnick\u00e9 \u0161\u0148\u016fry. Jej\u00ed smy\u010dka se v\u0161ak nezap\u00ednala na knofl\u00edk, ale byla sv\u00fdm druh\u00fdm koncem p\u0159ipevn\u011bna k \u201ev\u00e1no\u010dce\u201c na rameni.<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u2013 \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 nebo plukovn\u00edci pluk\u016f, byli povinni nosit stejnokroj sv\u00e9ho pluku (Kutuzov nosil stejnokroj s\u00a0vylo\u017een\u00edm sv\u00e9ho Pskovsk\u00e9ho pluku<\/em>), gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed do Svity Jeho Imper\u00e1torsk\u00e9ho Veli\u010denstva nosili vylo\u017een\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159electva (\u010dern\u00fd l\u00edmec a man\u017eety, oboj\u00ed s\u00a0\u010derven\u00fdm lemem<\/em>) se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm vy\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong>Gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 gardov\u00fdch pluk\u016f nosili na t\u011bchto m\u00edstech vy\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho pluku. Na plukovn\u00edch gener\u00e1lsk\u00fdch stejnokroj\u00edch \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vy\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ani jin\u00e9 zdoben\u00ed nebylo. Tzv. v\u0161eobecn\u00fd gener\u00e1lsk\u00fd stejnokroj byl ustaven a\u017e daleko pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 gener\u00e1lsk\u00e9 hodnosti byly za\u0159azeny do t\u0159\u00edd ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 tabulce hodnost\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b do IV<\/strong> \u2013 I<\/strong> t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n

IV<\/strong> \u2013 gener\u00e1lmajor<\/p>\n

III<\/strong> \u2013 gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

II<\/strong>\u00a0 –\u00a0 gener\u00e1l p\u011bchoty, gener\u00e1l jezdectva, poln\u00ed zbrojmistr (u d\u011blost\u0159electva a \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska<\/em>)<\/p>\n

I <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0 gener\u00e1l-poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l<\/p>\n

Hodnostn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy IV<\/strong> a III<\/strong> m\u011bly n\u00e1rok na osloven\u00ed Va\u0161e Prevoschodit\u011blstvo<\/em>, hodnostn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy II<\/strong> a I<\/strong> na osloven\u00ed Va\u0161e Vysokoprevoschodit\u011blstvo<\/em> (oboj\u00ed je mo\u017eno p\u0159elo\u017eit jako Va\u0161e Excelence<\/em>). Gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 n\u00e1hrudn\u00ed d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 znaky nenosili, jejich hodnostn\u00ed stupe\u0148 nebylo mo\u017eno na stejnokroji rozli\u0161it.<\/p>\n

P\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluk v\u00a0datech<\/h3>\n

V dubnu roku 1802 byly v\u0161echny pluky p\u0159evedeny na trojbatalionn\u00ed<\/u><\/em> organizaci (do t\u00e9 doby m\u011bl pluk dva bataliony a dv\u011b samostatn\u00e9 roty \u2013 viz \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00a0\u010dasopisu Historia Militaris<\/em>). P\u0159es nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu batalion\u016f se bojov\u00e1 s\u00edla pluku nezv\u00fd\u0161ila \u2013 \u0161lo pouze o \u201ekosmetickou\u201c<\/em> \u00fapravu. P\u0159ed reorganizac\u00ed m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion \u0161est rot (jednu gran\u00e1tnickou a p\u011bt ostatn\u00edch<\/em>) – dohromady tvo\u0159ilo pluk 12 rot. P\u0159i p\u0159echodu na organizaci o t\u0159ech batalionech m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd batalion \u010dty\u0159i roty<\/strong> \u2013 s\u00edla pluku tak z\u016fstala nezm\u011bn\u011bna. Tak\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed organizace pluku se zm\u011bnila \u2013 p\u016fvodn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed na m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 dv\u011b \u010dety v\u00a0rot\u011b se ujednotila na dvou \u010det\u00e1ch v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 rot\u011b (srovnalo se tak administrativn\u00ed a bojov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0rot\u00e1ch je pojedn\u00e1no pouze r\u00e1mcov\u011b \u2013 jeho p\u0159esn\u00fd popis je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd. Vysv\u011btl\u00edm pro\u010d: pluk rusk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty nem\u011bl, v\u00a0prav\u00e9m slova smyslu, \u0161t\u00e1b. M\u011bl sice \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edky<\/strong> \u2013 \u0161tabs-oficery\u201c<\/em> \u2013 ale t\u00edmto term\u00ednem se ozna\u010dovali v\u0161ichni<\/em><\/strong> d\u016fstojn\u00edci od majora v\u00fd\u0161e<\/em><\/strong>. Velitelstv\u00ed pluku<\/u><\/strong> (tak naz\u00fdv\u00e1m skupinu \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/em>) se \u0159adilo k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm rot\u00e1m \u2013 tyto roty se naz\u00fdvaly \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edmi rotami<\/strong>. U nich pak skute\u010dnou velitelskou pravomoc vykon\u00e1val d\u016fstojn\u00edk v\u00a0hodnosti \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edho kapit\u00e1na. Jin\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f bylo, byl-li u pluku gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk, jin\u00e9 pokud tento d\u016fstojn\u00edk u pluku nebyl…. Z\u00a0tohoto v\u00fd\u010dtu je mysl\u00edm z\u0159eteln\u00e9, pro\u010d se o po\u010dtech d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f u rot p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nerozepisuji \u2013 vyd\u00e1 to na samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm \u201eprobl\u00e9mem\u201c<\/em> je dobov\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd popis organizace pluku. V\u00a0roce 1805 se toti\u017e je\u0161t\u011b bataliony a roty v\u00a0pluku neozna\u010dovaly \u010d\u00edslem, ale funkc\u00ed, nebo hodnost\u00ed a jm\u00e9nem jejich tabulkov\u00e9ho velitele \u2013 nap\u0159: batalion plukovn\u00edka, gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota kapit\u00e1na N\u011bkljudova, <\/em>apod. To je ale pon\u011bkud \u201ene\u010diteln\u00e9\u201c<\/em> \u2013 jednak m\u00e1lokdy zn\u00e1me jm\u00e9na velitel\u016f rot, jednak by byl cel\u00fd popis p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u00fd. Pomohu si tedy pon\u011bkud \u201enep\u0159edpisov\u00fdm\u201c<\/em> ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00edsly \u2013 laskav\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 promine. Po tomto nudn\u00e9m, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m \u00favodu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1m k\u00a0vlastn\u00edmu popisu organizace pluku.<\/p>\n

Velitelstv\u00ed pluku<\/h4>\n

Do t\u00e9to kolonky pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161est u\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch \u201e\u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch\u201c<\/em> d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f: majitel <\/strong>(\u0161\u00e9f)<\/em> pluku, plukovn\u00edk, podplukovn\u00edk \u2013 velitel batalionu, a <\/strong>t\u0159i majo\u0159i<\/strong>. K\u00a0nim se d\u00e1le p\u0159i\u0159azuje adjutant<\/strong> (pobo\u010dn\u00edk) majitele pluku<\/strong>. \u0160\u00e9f pluku<\/strong> byl tabulkov\u00fdm velitelem I.batalionu<\/strong> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty<\/em><\/strong> (ta se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvala \u201e\u0161\u00e9fskou\u201c rotou<\/em>), plukovn\u00edk<\/strong> byl velitelem III. batalionu<\/strong> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty<\/em><\/strong>, podplukovn\u00edk <\/strong>byl velitelem II. batalionu<\/em><\/strong> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty<\/em><\/strong>. Majo\u0159i pluku byli tabulkov\u00fdmi veliteli rot (jeden z\u00a0nich byl zpravidla gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdm \u201e\u0161tabs-oficerem\u201c<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Bataliony<\/h4>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159adov\u00fd pluk m\u011bl t\u0159i bataliony: u gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho<\/strong> pluku byl I. batalion gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd<\/u> a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed fysil\u00edrsk\u00e9<\/u>, u mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho<\/strong> pluku byl I. batalion gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd<\/u>, II. a III. batalion mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9<\/u>. T\u011blesn\u00fd-gran\u00e1tnick\u00fd pluk<\/em><\/strong> (kter\u00fd na tuto organizaci p\u0159e\u0161el a\u017e na konci roku 1803<\/em>) m\u011bl \u2013 d\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti \u2013 v\u0161echny t\u0159i bataliony gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>. Pod p\u0159\u00edmou pravomoc velitele batalionu spadalo pouze minimum osob \u2013 z\u00a0\u0159adov\u00e9ho<\/u> stavu to byli u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho batalionu batalionn\u00ed adjutant<\/strong> a batalionn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong> (u I.batalionu tuto funkci zast\u00e1val <\/em>plukovn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong>). Jako nadpo\u010detn\u00ed se k\u00a0batalion\u016fm za\u0159azovali dva podprapor\u010d\u00edci <\/strong>(u T\u011blesn\u00e9ho-gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho pluku prapor\u010d\u00edci<\/strong><\/em>) ve funkci prapore\u010dn\u00edk\u016f (u I.batalionu byl v\u017edy jeden ze dvou prapor\u016f plukovn\u00ed<\/u> \u2013 \u201eb\u00edl\u00fd\u201c \u2013 viz prapory pluku<\/em>). Z\u00a0ne\u0159adov\u00e9ho<\/u> stavu byl ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu batalionu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u0159azen batalionn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong> (u I.batalionu to byl <\/em>\u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong>) , fel\u010dar<\/strong> a \u010dty\u0159i o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 \u2013 nosi\u010di \u2013 <\/strong>viz popis pomocn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1bu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Roty<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Batalion se \u010dlenil do \u010dty\u0159<\/strong> rot. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho typu<\/u> batalionu byla prvn\u00ed<\/strong> rota gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, t\u0159i zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed u gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch<\/strong> batalion\u016f fysil\u00edrsk\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>, u mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fdch<\/strong> batalion\u016f mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>. Jak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, u \u201e\u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch\u201c rot byli na m\u00edsta velitel\u016f rot za\u0159azeni v\u0161ichni \u201e\u0161tabs-oficery\u201c<\/em> pluku. Nomin\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak tuto funkci u roty vykon\u00e1val d\u016fstojn\u00edk v\u00a0hodnosti \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edho kapit\u00e1na. Ostatn\u00edm rot\u00e1m veleli kapit\u00e1ni \u2013 naz\u00fdvaly se tedy \u201ekapit\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi\u201c<\/em> rotami. M\u00e1m-li se vyj\u00e1d\u0159it \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm rot (v roce 1805 nep\u0159edpisov\u00fdm, po roce 1806 b\u011b\u017en\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm<\/em>) potom byly: u I<\/strong>.batalionu gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho pluku 1.gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1, 1., 2. a 3. fysil\u00edrsk\u00e1 rota<\/em><\/strong>, u II<\/strong>. batalionu 2. gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1, 4., 5. a 6. fysil\u00edrsk\u00e1 rota <\/em><\/strong>a u III<\/strong>. batalionu 3. gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1, 7., 8. a 9. fysil\u00edrsk\u00e1 rota<\/em><\/strong>. U mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho pluku bylo \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed shodn\u00e9, ale s\u00a0mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fdmi rotami. U T\u011blesn\u00e9ho-gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho pluku byly v\u0161echny roty pluku gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>. V\u00a0rusk\u00e9 p\u011bchot\u011b bylo zvykem gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 roty od batalion\u016f odvelet a formovat z\u00a0nich tzv. svodn\u00e9 gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 bataliony<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Po\u010detn\u00ed stav roty<\/u>: 4\u20135<\/strong> d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>, 4 <\/strong>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a 9<\/strong> ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>, 120<\/strong> mu\u017e\u016f<\/strong> \u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva (z nich m\u011blo b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 15<\/strong> <\/em>svobodn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>). Z\u00a0ne\u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva pat\u0159ili k\u00a0rot\u011b organiza\u010dn\u011b l lazebn\u00edk<\/strong> a 1 tesa\u0159<\/strong>. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee d\u016fstojni\u010dt\u00ed sluhov\u00e9 nejsou uvedeni v\u00fdslovn\u011b v\u00a0tabulce po\u010dt\u016f je mo\u017eno p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee byli sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159adov\u00e9ho stavu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u010cety<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 rota se d\u011blila do dvou<\/strong> \u010det. U gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9<\/strong> roty se prvn\u00ed <\/u>\u010deta naz\u00fdvala gran\u00e1tnickou<\/em><\/strong>, druh\u00e1<\/u> \u010deta st\u0159eleckou<\/em><\/strong>. P\u0159i n\u00e1stupu batalionu do linie (nebyla-li gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota odvelena<\/em>), nastupovala gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1<\/u> \u010deta na prav\u00e9m<\/em><\/strong> k\u0159\u00eddle batalionu, st\u0159eleck\u00e1<\/u> \u010deta na lev\u00e9m<\/em><\/strong>. Mezi nimi nastupovaly, \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1ny zprava, ostatn\u00ed \u010dety batalionu. Po\u010detn\u00ed stav \u010dety<\/u>: 2<\/strong> d\u016fstojn\u00edci, 1<\/strong> vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a 3<\/strong> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edci\u00a0 a 60<\/strong> mu\u017e\u016f \u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva (3 \u0159ady po dvaceti mu\u017e\u00edch<\/em>). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ztr\u00e1t v\u00a0mu\u017estvu bylo povoleno dopl\u0148ovat troj\u0159ady na pln\u00fd po\u010det i p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm voj\u00e1k\u016f z \u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010det. Teoreticky tak mohlo doj\u00edt k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee batalion redukoval po\u010det rot t\u0159eba o jednu celou rotu a jej\u00edm mu\u017estvem doplnit po\u010dty ostatn\u00edch rot. Dopl\u0148ovat gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9<\/em><\/strong> roty ostatn\u00edm<\/em><\/strong> mu\u017estvem v\u0161ak bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no<\/u>.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00faplnost je nutno je\u0161t\u011b dodat, \u017ee se (pro ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed \u00fakoly<\/em>) \u010deta d\u011blila na n\u011bkolik kapr\u00e1lstev<\/strong>. Jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci, pod velen\u00edm podd\u016fstojn\u00edka (p\u0159i nedostatku podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f byli do \u010dela kapr\u00e1lstev stav\u011bni zku\u0161en\u00ed svobodn\u00edci<\/em>), byli ubytov\u00e1v\u00e1ni, nebo na pracovn\u00ed \u00fakoly odes\u00edl\u00e1ni spole\u010dn\u011b, podd\u016fstojn\u00edk byl odpov\u011bdn\u00fd ser\u017eantovi roty, nebo veliteli \u010dety. Kapr\u00e1lstva nelze zam\u011b\u0148ovat s \u201eart\u011bly\u201c<\/strong> \u2013 dobrovoln\u00fdm spolkem voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vali dohromady \u017eold a z\u00a0n\u011bj nakupovali potraviny na p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b va\u0159ili, apod.<\/p>\n

Prapore\u010dnick\u00e1 \u010deta<\/strong><\/h4>\n

P\u0159esn\u00fd p\u0159eklad z\u00a0ru\u0161tiny zn\u00ed prapore\u010dnick\u00e1 skupina<\/em><\/strong> (znamennaja grupa<\/em>). V podstat\u011b samostatn\u00e1 jednotka v\u00a0sestav\u011b batalionu \u2013 jej\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo doprov\u00e1zet a v\u00a0boji br\u00e1nit oba prapory, kter\u00e9 byly batalionu p\u0159id\u011bleny. Mimo tento \u00fakol plnila tato \u010deta je\u0161t\u011b jeden \u2013 nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. P\u0159i p\u0159esunu batalionu v\u00a0bojov\u00e9 sestav\u011b (linii<\/em>) ud\u00e1vala tempo pochodu a ob\u011b k\u0159\u00eddla batalionu vyrovn\u00e1vala pochod podle n\u00ed. Jej\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed bylo n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: st\u0159edem \u010dety byli dva prapore\u010dn\u00edci<\/strong> \u2013 jeden v\u00a0prvn\u00edm, druh\u00fd ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u0159adu sestavy (m\u00edsto v\u00a0druh\u00e9m \u0159adu z\u016fstalo pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 \u2013 byl to poz\u016fstatek po p\u016fvodn\u011b t\u0159ech praporech v\u00a0batalionu<\/em>). Po obou stran\u00e1ch prapore\u010dn\u00edk\u016f st\u00e1l jeden podd\u016fstojn\u00edk<\/strong> (druh\u00fd \u0159ad byl op\u011bt pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd<\/em>). Teprve vedle t\u011bchto podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f st\u00e1l na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b jeden pln\u00fd z\u00e1stup podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/em><\/strong> a vedle nich dva pln\u00e9 z\u00e1stupy mu\u017estva<\/em><\/strong>. Podd\u016fstojn\u00edci a mu\u017ei byli do prapore\u010dnick\u00e9 \u010dety vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni ze v\u0161ech rot batalionu \u2013 z\u00e1le\u017eelo na jejich vzr\u016fstu a vzhledu. Prapore\u010dn\u00edci (podprapor\u010d\u00edci, nebo prapor\u010d\u00edci \u2013 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch pluk\u016f<\/em>) museli b\u00fdt fyzicky velmi zdatn\u00ed \u2013 jen samotn\u00e9 nesen\u00ed praporu bylo velkou fyzickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Popisem slo\u017een\u00ed prapore\u010dnick\u00e9 \u010dety kon\u010d\u00ed seznamov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0bojovou<\/em><\/strong> \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159adov\u00e9ho p\u011b\u0161\u00edho pluku (n\u00e1zev \u201ebojov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st\u201c nen\u00ed dobov\u00fd \u2013 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mi odd\u011blit ob\u011b slo\u017eky pluku<\/em>). N\u00e1sleduje popis \u010d\u00e1sti podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, pro pluk ale stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u2013 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00fdlov\u00e9<\/strong>. Jestli\u017ee jsme se v\u00a0sestav\u011b rot setkali s\u00a0pojmem \u201ene\u0159adov\u00fd\u201c pouze v\u00a0n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech, pak t\u00fdlov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st byla doslova dom\u00e9nou\u00a0 t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f pluku.<\/p>\n

Pomocn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b \u2013 \u201eunter\u0161t\u00e1b\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Toto odd\u011blen\u00ed bylo prakticky \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm apar\u00e1tem plukovn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u00a0jeho \u010dele st\u00e1l plukovn\u00ed ubytovatel<\/strong> a pokladn\u00edk<\/strong> \u2013 oba za\u0159azen\u00ed do hodnostn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy poru\u010d\u00edka. Ubytovatel \u0159\u00eddil celou t\u00fdlovou a ubytovac\u00ed slu\u017ebu \u2013 to bylo vlastn\u011b n\u00e1pln\u00ed \u010dinnosti cel\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1bu a jemu pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch odd\u011blen\u00ed. Plukovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 tvo\u0159ili: plukovn\u00ed p\u00edsa\u0159<\/strong> a p\u00edsa\u0159i<\/strong> jednotliv\u00fdch odbornost\u00ed (kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd, proviantn\u00ed, materi\u00e1lov\u00fd, apod<\/em>). Dal\u0161\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkem byl auditor<\/strong> \u2013 jeho n\u00e1pln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byl v\u00fdkon soudn\u00ed pravomoci u pluku. Pro v\u00fdkon exekuc\u00ed a dohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na v\u011bzn\u011b m\u011bl v\u00a0pod\u0159\u00edzenosti t\u0159i profousy<\/strong>. \u0160t\u00e1bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong> a dva batalionn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i<\/strong> tvo\u0159ili z\u00e1klad zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby pluku. Do jejich pod\u0159\u00edzenosti pat\u0159il podd\u016fstojn\u00edk \u2013 vrchn\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159ovatel ran\u011bn\u00fdch<\/strong>, t\u0159i fel\u010da\u0159i<\/strong> a 12 o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 nosi\u010d\u016f (s nimi jsme se setkali ji\u017e v\u00a0popisu sestavy batalionu a roty<\/em>). Do sestavy d\u00e1le n\u00e1le\u017eelo plukovn\u00ed duchovenstvo: plukovn\u00ed kn\u011bz<\/strong> a dva di\u00e1koni <\/strong>(\u0159eholn\u00edci s\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bcen\u00edm<\/em>) – v\u0161ichni byli duchovn\u00edmi osobami, nespadali do soudn\u00ed pravomoci majitele pluku a po\u017e\u00edvali pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 po\u017eitky d\u016fstojnick\u00e9ho stavu (vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni v\u011bt\u0161inou byli hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm konventu n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f, nebo na vlastn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost<\/em>). Do seznamu unter\u0161t\u00e1bu byli zaps\u00e1ni i plukovn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong> a oba batalionn\u00ed buben\u00edci<\/strong> \u2013 a\u010d za\u0159azeni u batalion\u016f, nepat\u0159ili do stavu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00a0rot. Bylo zde mo\u017eno naj\u00edt i celou plukovn\u00ed hudbu<\/strong>, v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0podd\u016fstojn\u00edkem. Ve stavu zde byli zaps\u00e1ni tak\u00e9 v\u0161ichni \u010dty\u0159i pobo\u010dn\u00edci<\/strong> (viz popis bojov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Plukovn\u00ed vozatajstvo<\/h4>\n

Do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzenosti plukovn\u00edho ubytovatele pat\u0159ilo tak\u00e9 plukovn\u00ed vozatajstvo. To m\u011bl v\u00a0pomocn\u00e9m \u0161t\u00e1bu na starosti nadvozn\u00fd<\/strong> (tak\u00e9 ne\u0159adov\u00fd podd\u016fstojn\u00edk<\/em>), kter\u00fd zodpov\u00eddal za stav v\u0161ech povoz\u016f p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fdch pluku, krom soukrom\u00fdch povoz\u016f d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, a tak\u00e9 \u2013 spolu s\u00a0kon\u011bl\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdm \u2013 za stav jejich sp\u0159e\u017een\u00ed. Vozatajc\u016f m\u011bl pluk p\u0159id\u011bleno 53. Povozy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzenosti unter\u0161\u00e1bu<\/u> \u2013 1<\/strong> l\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00fd voz\u00edk, 1<\/strong> pokladna a kancel\u00e1\u0159, 1<\/strong> kostel, 1<\/strong> hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159, 1<\/strong> \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, 4<\/strong> muni\u010dn\u00ed. Povozy u rot<\/u>: 1<\/strong> pro odvoz ran\u011bn\u00fdch, 1<\/strong> stanov\u00fd voz\u00edk, 1<\/strong> n\u00e1bojov\u00fd voz\u00edk, 1<\/strong> proviantn\u00ed v\u016fz (tyto povozy byly u ka\u017ed\u00e9 roty<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00ed povozy<\/u>: pro pot\u0159eby plukovn\u00edch d\u00edlen m\u011bl pluk k\u00a0dispozici dal\u0161\u00edch 10<\/strong> povoz\u016f. Ta\u017en\u00fdch kon\u00ed m\u011bl plukovn\u00ed tr\u00e9n 169<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Plukovn\u00ed d\u00edlny<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 d\u00edlna \u2013 1<\/strong> plukovn\u00ed kov\u00e1\u0159, 6<\/strong> pomocn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n

Zbroj\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1 d\u00edlna \u2013 1<\/strong> plukovn\u00ed zbroj\u00ed\u0159, 6<\/strong> pomocn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n

Krej\u010dovsk\u00e1 d\u00edlna \u2013 1<\/strong> mistr, 12<\/strong> pomocn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00a0pluku p\u011bchoty nebyla \u0161evcovsk\u00e1 d\u00edlna. O obuv se v\u011bt\u0161inou starali voj\u00e1ci v\u00a0rot\u00e1ch sv\u00e9pomoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mysliveck\u00fd pluk v\u00a0datech<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00a0roce 1805 \u010d\u00edtala mysliveck\u00e1 p\u011bchota 22<\/strong> pluk\u016f, tj.66<\/strong> mysliveck\u00fdch batalion\u016f. Co do po\u010dtu batalion\u016f a rot v\u00a0pluku, byla jejich organizace toto\u017en\u00e1 s\u00a0plukem \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty \u2013 t\u0159i bataliony, v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m z\u00a0nich \u010dty\u0159i mysliveck\u00e9 roty. To byla jedin\u00e1 zm\u011bna \u2013 roty se v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pluku nijak neli\u0161ily. Tak\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed syst\u00e9m za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f se od pluku \u201et\u011b\u017ek\u00e9\u201c p\u011bchoty neli\u0161il \u2013 tak\u00e9 zde najdeme \u201e\u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed\u201c a \u201ekapit\u00e1nsk\u00e9\u201c roty, jen po\u010dty \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch a subaltern\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f jsou jin\u00e9 (viz tabulka<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Velitelstv\u00ed pluku<\/h4>\n

Do t\u00e9to kolonky pat\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pouze \u010dty\u0159i \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed<\/em> d\u016fstojn\u00edci: majitel <\/strong>(\u0161\u00e9f<\/em>) pluku<\/strong>, plukovn\u00edk<\/strong>, podplukovn\u00edk <\/strong>\u2013 velitel batalionu<\/strong>, a jeden major<\/strong>. K\u00a0nim se d\u00e1le p\u0159i\u0159azuje adjutant<\/strong> (pobo\u010dn\u00edk<\/em>) majitele pluku<\/strong>. \u0160\u00e9f pluku<\/u> byl tabulkov\u00fdm velitelem I. batalionu<\/u> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty (ta se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvala \u0161\u00e9fskou rotou<\/em>), plukovn\u00edk<\/u> byl velitelem III. batalionu<\/u> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty, podplukovn\u00edk<\/u> byl velitelem II. batalionu<\/u> a jeho prvn\u00ed roty. Major byl tabulkov\u00fdm velitelem jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0rot (zpravidla u plukovn\u00edkova, tj. u III.batalionu<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Bataliony<\/h4>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd mysliveck\u00fd pluk m\u011bl t\u0159i bataliony se shodnou organizac\u00ed a po\u010dty. Pod p\u0159\u00edmou pravomoc velitele batalionu spadalo pouze minimum osob \u2013 z\u00a0\u0159adov\u00e9ho<\/u> stavu to byli u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho batalionu batalionn\u00ed adjutant<\/strong> a batalionn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong> (u I.batalionu tuto funkci zast\u00e1val<\/em> plukovn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong>). Z\u00a0ne\u0159adov\u00e9ho<\/u> stavu byl ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu batalionu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u0159azen batalionn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong> (u I.batalionu to byl<\/em> \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong>), fel\u010dar<\/strong> a \u010dty\u0159i o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 \u2013 nosi\u010di \u2013 <\/strong>viz popis pomocn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1bu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Roty<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Batalion se \u010dlenil do \u010dty\u0159<\/strong> rot. Jak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, u \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch<\/em> rot byli na m\u00edsta velitel\u016f rot za\u0159azeni v\u0161ichni \u0161tabs-oficery<\/em> pluku. Nomin\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak tuto funkci u roty vykon\u00e1val d\u016fstojn\u00edk v\u00a0hodnosti \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edho kapit\u00e1na. Ostatn\u00edm rot\u00e1m veleli kapit\u00e1ni \u2013 naz\u00fdvaly se tedy kapit\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi<\/em>. Po\u010detn\u00ed stav roty<\/u>: 3 – 4<\/strong> d\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/strong>, 3 <\/strong>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a 5<\/strong> ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>, 2 buben\u00edci <\/strong>a 100<\/strong> mu\u017e\u016f<\/strong> \u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva<\/strong> (z nich m\u011blo b\u00fdt alespo\u0148<\/em> 15<\/strong> svobodn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong>). Z\u00a0ne\u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva pat\u0159ili k\u00a0rot\u011b organiza\u010dn\u011b l<\/strong> lazebn\u00edk<\/strong> a 1<\/strong> tesa\u0159<\/strong>. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee d\u016fstojni\u010dt\u00ed sluhov\u00e9 nejsou uvedeni v\u00fdslovn\u011b v\u00a0tabulce po\u010dt\u016f je mo\u017eno p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee byli sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159adov\u00e9ho stavu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u010cety<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 rota se d\u011blila do dvou<\/strong> \u010det. Po\u010detn\u00ed stav \u010dety<\/u>: 2<\/strong> d\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/strong>, 1<\/strong> vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a 2<\/strong> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed podd\u016fstojn\u00edci<\/strong>\u00a0 a 50<\/strong> mu\u017e\u016f<\/strong> \u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva<\/strong> (3 \u0159ady po \u0161estn\u00e1cti mu\u017e\u00edch \u2013 tato organizace v\u0161ak, d\u00edky charakteristick\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu boje, platila v\u011bt\u0161inou pouze pro p\u0159ehl\u00eddky a n\u00e1stupy pluku<\/em> ). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ztr\u00e1t v\u00a0mu\u017estvu bylo povoleno dopl\u0148ovat troj\u0159ady na pln\u00fd po\u010det i p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm voj\u00e1k\u016f z \u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010det. Teoreticky tak mohlo doj\u00edt k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee batalion redukoval po\u010det rot t\u0159eba o jednu celou rotu a jej\u00edm mu\u017estvem doplnit po\u010dty ostatn\u00edch rot.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00faplnost je nutno je\u0161t\u011b dodat, \u017ee se (pro ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed \u00fakoly<\/em>) \u010deta d\u011blila na n\u011bkolik kapr\u00e1lstev<\/strong>. Jejich organizace, stejn\u011b jako syst\u00e9m art\u011bl\u016f, byly shodn\u00e9 s\u00a0plukem \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty.<\/p>\n

Prapore\u010dnick\u00e1 \u010deta<\/strong><\/h4>\n

I kdy\u017e mysliveck\u00e9 pluky prapory nem\u011bly, tato jednotka \u2013 dokonce pod stejn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u2013 v\u00a0organizaci batalionu nechyb\u011bla. Proto\u017ee myslivci p\u016fsobili tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0159adov\u00e9 sestav\u011b (mysliveck\u00e9 bataliony zpravidla tvo\u0159ily k\u0159\u00eddla sestavy<\/em>), bylo jedin\u00fdm \u00fakolem prapore\u010dnick\u00e9 \u010dety u mysliveck\u00fdch batalion\u016f ud\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tempa pochodu. Sestava \u010dety byla shodn\u00e1 s\u00a0\u0159adov\u00fdm plukem \u2013 m\u00edsto prapore\u010dn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0n\u00ed byli za\u0159azeni podd\u016fstojn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Unter\u0161t\u00e1b<\/h4>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0podobnosti t\u00e9to sou\u010d\u00e1sti s\u00a0u\u017e popsan\u00fdm unter\u0161t\u00e1bem \u0159adov\u00e9ho pluku se zm\u00edn\u00edm pouze o rozd\u00edlech – mysliveck\u00e9 pluky nem\u011bly duchovn\u00ed, k\u00a0bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1m se bu\u010f dostavil kn\u011bz od \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty, nebo se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci pluku \u00fa\u010dastnili bohoslu\u017eeb spolu s\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdm \u0159adov\u00fdm plukem. Tak\u00e9 auditor s\u00a0profousi v\u00a0mysliveck\u00e9m pluku nebyl. Do seznamu unter\u0161t\u00e1bu byli zaps\u00e1ni i plukovn\u00ed buben\u00edk<\/strong> a oba batalionn\u00ed buben\u00edci<\/strong> \u2013 a\u010d za\u0159azeni u batalion\u016f, nepat\u0159ili do stavu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00a0rot. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee mysliveck\u00e9 pluky v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u011bly v\u00a0sestav\u011b hornisty (u gardov\u00e9ho mysliveck\u00e9ho batalionu byli<\/em>).To se ov\u0161em net\u00fdkalo plukovn\u00ed hudby, po\u010detn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u p\u011bchoty, kde horna zastoupena byla \u2013 v\u0161ech p\u011bt hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0podd\u016fstojn\u00edkem \u2013 byli toti\u017e hornist\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e9n<\/strong> a plukovn\u00ed d\u00edlny<\/strong><\/h4>\n

odpov\u00eddaly svou organizac\u00ed stejn\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stem v\u00a0\u0159adov\u00e9m pluku. Li\u0161ily se pouze po\u010dty \u2013 u myslivc\u016f nebyly povozy pro poln\u00ed kostel, nadvozn\u00fd<\/strong> velel 41<\/strong> vozatajc\u016fm. Chyb\u011bl zde kon\u011bl\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fakony vykon\u00e1val pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b plukovn\u00ed kov\u00e1\u0159. Po\u010dty \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a jejich pomocn\u00edk\u016f byly shodn\u00e9 s\u00a0p\u011b\u0161\u00edm plukem.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Zp\u016fsob rozli\u0161en\u00ed pluku, batalionu a roty u \u0159adov\u00e9 a mysliveck\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle barvy ur\u010dit\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stejnokroje bylo mo\u017eno identifikovat pluk a batalion, do kter\u00e9ho \u0159adov\u00fd voj\u00e1k\u00a0 nebo podd\u016fstojn\u00edk n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. K\u00a0t\u00e9to identifikaci slou\u017eil kl\u00ed\u010d, kter\u00fd je zde \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1n \u2013 s\u00a0jeho pomoc\u00ed je mo\u017eno ur\u010dit barevn\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed \u0159adov\u00fdch a mysliveck\u00fdch pluk\u016f v\u00a0P\u0159\u00edloze 1.<\/p>\n

Pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti k\u00a0pluku a batalionu je u \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty nutno zn\u00e1t tyto \u00fadaje:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. barvu inspekce<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. barvu n\u00e1ramen\u00edku<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. barvu horn\u00ed \u0161t\u011btky a repejku na \u010d\u00e1ce<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Pro p\u0159esnou identifikaci pluk\u016f na boji\u0161ti byli d\u016fstojn\u00edci vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f vybaveni pom\u016fckou, kter\u00e1 jim v\u00a0n\u00ed napom\u00e1hala. Pouze u svodn\u00fdch gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch batalion\u016f bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, aby se v\u00a0sestav\u011b objevili voj\u00e1ci s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi barvami uveden\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed (toto pravidlo pochopiteln\u011b neplatilo p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed improvizovan\u00fdch batalion\u016f z\u00a0rozbit\u00fdch jednotek p\u0159\u00edmo na boji\u0161ti!<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    K\u00a0demonstraci bylo pou\u017eito vyobrazen\u00ed gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f Pavlovsk\u00e9ho gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho pluku \u2013 ten, jako jedin\u00fd zachoval p\u016fvodn\u00ed gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 \u010dapky i po roce 1803 a nen\u00ed na n\u011bm tedy vyobrazen \u201erepejok\u201c \u2013 spodn\u00ed \u0161t\u011btka \u010d\u00e1ky. Ta\u017een\u00ed 1805 se nez\u00fa\u010dastnil.<\/p>\n

    I. Plukovn\u00ed barva (barva inspekce)<\/h4>\n

    V\u00a0roce 1802 byla ka\u017ed\u00e9 inspekci p\u0159id\u011blena barva \u2013 ta se objevovala na l\u00edmc\u00edch a man\u017eet\u00e1ch kab\u00e1tc\u016f pluk\u016f \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 do n\u00ed byly p\u0159id\u011bleny. Od roku 1803 byla i na \u201ebarevn\u00fdch\u201c praporech nov\u00e9ho vzoru (ty ale byly p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ny pouze nove zformovan\u00fdm p\u011b\u0161\u00edm pluk\u016fm<\/em>). Jednotliv\u00e9 barvy jsou uvedeny v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce (v t\u00e9m\u017e zn\u011bn\u00ed, v jak\u00e9m byly uvedeny v\u00a0zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edm rozkaze<\/em>):<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

    S\u00a0uveden\u00fdmi barvami si museli poradit m\u00edstn\u00ed barv\u00ed\u0159i (pluky si nechaly sukno na kab\u00e1tce barvit v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b dislokace<\/em>) a ne v\u017edy to asi dopadlo p\u0159esn\u011b podle dob\u0159e. Od 15. listopadu 1805 se u pluk\u016f Dn\u011bstrovsk\u00e9 inspekce objevuje na l\u00edmc\u00edch a man\u017eet\u00e1ch \u010dern\u00e1 barva s\u00a0\u010derven\u00fdm lemem, i kdy\u017e m\u011bla inspekce ur\u010denu barvu jinou. Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pod\u00e1v\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 v\u011bta na konci zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edho rozkazu: \u201enepoda\u0159\u00ed-li se, dle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed plukovn\u00edka, dos\u00e1hnout \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9ho odst\u00ednu, na\u0159izuje se barva \u010dern\u00e1.\u201c<\/em>. Nov\u011b postaven\u00e9 pluky\u00a0 p\u0159eb\u00edraly automaticky po jejich za\u0159azen\u00ed do inspekce, pluky p\u0159evelen\u00e9 mezi inspekcemi (a v\u00a0roce 1804 do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u011bkolika takov\u00fdm p\u0159esun\u016fm<\/em>) p\u0159e\u0161\u00edvaly l\u00edmce a man\u017eety novou barvou. Tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159estal platit v\u00a0letech 1806-1807, kdy byly inspekce zru\u0161eny a byl znovu zaveden divizn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

    II. Barva n\u00e1ramen\u00edku (\u201estar\u0161instvo\u201c<\/em> pluku)<\/h4>\n

    Barva n\u00e1ramen\u00edku na kab\u00e1tc\u00edch \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/strong> ozna\u010dovala tzv.\u201cstar\u0161instvo\u201c<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 po\u0159ad\u00ed pluku v\u00a0inspekci. Pro takov\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed existovalo n\u011bkolik krit\u00e9ri\u00ed: po\u0159ad\u00ed, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m byly rovnocenn\u00e9 pluky do inspekce p\u0159id\u011bleny (gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9, mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9), u pluk\u016f stejn\u00e9ho typu bylo rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed nap\u0159. jeho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fa pluku, vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed pluku, apod.<\/em> Ka\u017ed\u00e1 inspekce mohla m\u00edt ve stavu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 10<\/strong> pluk\u016f \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty a tomu odpov\u00eddala i barevn\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la n\u00e1ramen\u00edk\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tento syst\u00e9m byl pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 on ale platil pouze do zru\u0161en\u00ed inspekci \u2013 divizn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zavedl i jin\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1ramen\u00edk\u016f pluk\u016f za\u0159azen\u00fdch v\u00a0divizi.<\/p>\n

    Zat\u00edm uveden\u00e9 \u00fadaje se t\u00fdkaly pouze pluk\u016f \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed mysliveck\u00fdch pluk\u016f<\/strong> bylo pon\u011bkud jin\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0pluk\u016f obdr\u017eel svou plukovn\u00ed barvu (toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo vynuceno \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159e\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto pluk\u016f z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 inspekce do druh\u00e9<\/em>), kterou nosil na l\u00edmc\u00edch a man\u017eet\u00e1ch kab\u00e1tce, ve stejn\u00e9 barv\u011b byly i lemy n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stejnokroje. P\u0159i zaveden\u00ed tohoto zp\u016fsobu rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed byly barvy p\u0159id\u011bleny v\u0161em tehdy existuj\u00edc\u00edm mysliveck\u00fdm pluk\u016fm, po p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed po\u010dtu dvaceti pluk\u016f se ale za\u010dalo barev \u201enedost\u00e1vat\u201c \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 kreace mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f (kte\u0159\u00ed se na barevn\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed velkou m\u011brou pod\u00edleli<\/em>) u\u017e prost\u011b barv\u00edrny nebyly schopny realizovat. Po\u010d\u00ednaje plukem \u010d\u00edslo 21 se pou\u017eily ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 barvy a doplnily se lemem barvy jin\u00e9. Je mysl\u00edm zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bt zde barvy v\u0161ech mysliveck\u00fdch pluk\u016f, omez\u00edm se pouze na ty, kter\u00e9 se ta\u017een\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnily (barvy budou op\u011bt uvedeny v\u00a0dobov\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>):<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. mysl. \u2013 tyrkysov\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, 6. mysl. \u2013 ohniv\u00e1<\/em><\/strong> (jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00e1<\/em>), 7. mysl. \u2013 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, 8. mysl. \u2013 modr\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Mysliveck\u00e9 pluky n\u00e1ramen\u00edky na stejnokroj\u00edch nem\u011bly, a proto\u017ee nebyly za\u0159azeny do v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu po\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00a0inspekci, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed barva se na jejich kab\u00e1tc\u00edch<\/em><\/strong> neobjevovala. Na z\u00e1v\u011br t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti je\u0161t\u011b dodatek: osobn\u011b se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee \u2013 vzhledem k\u00a0schopnostem a mo\u017enostem tehdej\u0161\u00edch venkovsk\u00fdch barv\u00edren v\u00a0Rusku \u2013 si o odst\u00ednu (nikoliv barv\u011b!) l\u00edmc\u016f a man\u017eet jednotliv\u00fdch pluk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee dnes \u0159\u00edkat kdo chce, co chce a bude m\u00edt v\u00a0podstat\u011b pravdu.<\/em><\/p>\n

      III. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed batalionu a roty<\/h4>\n

      Za\u0159azen\u00ed do batalion\u016f v\u00a0pluku bylo mo\u017eno rozli\u0161it podle dvou \u010d\u00e1kov\u00fdch (p\u016fvodn\u011b kloboukov\u00fdch<\/em>) ozdob \u2013 horn\u00ed a doln\u00ed \u201est\u011btky\u201c[3]<\/a>(nenapad\u00e1 m\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd srovnateln\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd ekvivalent<\/em>). Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm popisu budu pro spodn\u00ed ozdobu pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1zev repejok<\/em> \u2013 tak se, od roku 1807, tato ozdoba opravdu naz\u00fdvala. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e ale byla d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1, pota\u017een\u00e1 suknem \u2013 v \u201ena\u0161\u00ed\u201c dob\u011b \u0161lo opravdu o nakr\u00e1tko sest\u0159i\u017eenou \u0161t\u011btku kruhov\u00e9ho tvaru z\u00a0vln\u011bn\u00fdch nit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Ob\u011b ozdoby nesly v\u017edy dv\u011b barvy: barva A<\/strong> byla barvou batalionu<\/u><\/em><\/strong>, barva B<\/strong> v\u017edy plukovn\u00ed<\/u> barvou<\/em><\/strong>. Podd\u016fstojn\u00edci m\u011bli (v cel\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b<\/em>) repejok ve form\u011b v\u00fdse\u010d\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9 barvy (ta se docilovala p\u0159im\u00edsen\u00edm oran\u017eov\u00fdch a \u010dern\u00fdch nit\u00ed do b\u00edl\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu<\/em>). Jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0batalionu ur\u010dovala pouze horn\u00ed ozdoba. Barvy A<\/strong> jednotliv\u00fdch batalion\u016f pluku byly stanoveny takto:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. batalion \u2013 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, II. batalion \u2013 \u017elut\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, III. batalion \u2013 \u010derven\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0rot\u011b v\u00a0batalionu ukazoval barva dvou uzl\u016f a z\u00e1p\u011bstn\u00edm \u0159emenu tes\u00e1ku, \u010d\u00e1st mezi nimi byla v\u00a0barv\u011b A<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

        1.- b\u00edl\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, 2.- \u010derven\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, 3.- modr\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, 4.- \u017elut\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed se vztahovalo i na mysliveck\u00e9 bataliony a roty.<\/p>\n

        Zp\u011bt na obsah.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

        \n

        [1]<\/a> Inici\u00e1torem tohoto dokumentu byl car Petr I.-Velik\u00fd, podle n\u011bho\u017e je tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

        [2]<\/a> Gener\u00e1poru\u010d\u00edk \u2013 gener\u00e1l-lejt\u011bnant<\/em><\/strong>, na rozd\u00edl od poru\u010d\u00edk \u2013 poru\u010dik<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00e1zev d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 hodnosti lejt\u011bnant<\/em><\/strong> byl (a\u017e do roku 1917<\/em>) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pouze v\u00a0lo\u010fstvu.<\/p>\n

        [3]<\/a> V\u00a0rusk\u00e9m origin\u00e1lu \u201ekis\u0165\u201c – \u0161t\u011btka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Karel Kl\u00e1til: Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v bitv\u011b u Austerlitzu v roce 1805 \u2013 P\u0159\u00edloha 2Stupn\u011b d\u016fstojnick\u00fdch hodnost\u00ed a jejich rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u011b\u0161\u00ed a mysliveck\u00fd pluk v datech<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,6214],"tags":[5859,6290,6246,6303,6316,5950],"class_list":["post-16840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-texty_bez_rubriky","tag-5859","tag-karel-klatil","tag-myslivci","tag-pechota","tag-priloha-2","tag-ruska-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16840"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16852,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16840\/revisions\/16852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}