{"id":409,"date":"2003-06-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-06-18T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/stejnokroje-vystroj-a-vyzbroj-poddustojniku-a-muzstva-radove-pechoty\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:34:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:34:10","slug":"stejnokroje-vystroj-a-vyzbroj-poddustojniku-a-muzstva-radove-pechoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/stejnokroje-vystroj-a-vyzbroj-poddustojniku-a-muzstva-radove-pechoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Karel Kl\u00e1til: Stejnokroje, v\u00fdstroj a v\u00fdzbroj podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a mu\u017estva \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty (1805)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ru1805-I-02<\/a><\/p>\n

Podd\u016fstojn\u00edci a mu\u017estvo roty<\/p>\n

A,B \u2013 Stejnokroje a dopl\u0148ky podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a mu\u017estva \u0159adov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h4>\n

A1,B1 \u010c\u00e1ka gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f (1.batalion)<\/h4>\n

\u010c\u00e1ka byla gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016fm zavedena na ja\u0159e 1805. \u00dadaje o jej\u00edch rozm\u011brech a zp\u016fsobu zhotoven\u00ed najde z\u00e1jemce ve v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. Rozli\u0161ovac\u00edm znakem gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f byl jednoplamen\u00fd gran\u00e1t pod kokardou a hlavn\u011b tzv. \u201esult\u00e1n\u201c \u2013 ozdoba z\u00a0ko\u0148sk\u00fdch \u017e\u00edn\u00ed na dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9 kost\u0159e vysok\u00e1 48,4 cm, naho\u0159e obloukovit\u011b zakon\u010den\u00e1. Za pochodu ji gran\u00e1tn\u00edk uchov\u00e1val ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm obalu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ivazoval k\u00a0pochv\u011b tes\u00e1ku, nebo zespodu k\u00a0torn\u011b.<\/p>\n

A2 \u010c\u00e1ka fysil\u00edr\u016f, B2 \u010c\u00e1ka mu\u0161ket\u00fdr\u016f (2.batalion)<\/h4>\n

Fysil\u00edrsk\u00e9 a mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ky byly \u2013 co se zdoben\u00ed t\u00fd\u010de \u2013 naprosto shodn\u00e9ho proveden\u00ed. M\u00edsto \u201esult\u00e1nu\u201c ozna\u010dovala p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0pluku a batalionu, krom pomponu (\u201erepejku\u201c) nad kokardou, tzv. \u0161t\u011btka<\/em> (\u201ekis\u0165 \u201c), kter\u00e1 byla vetknuta do stejn\u00e9 tuleje, do kter\u00e9 gran\u00e1tn\u00edci zasunovali svou ozdobu. Na obr\u00e1zku tyto dv\u011b ozdoby (pompon i \u0161t\u011btka) spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00a0jedno \u2013 podrobnosti v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

A3 Podd\u016fstojnick\u00e1 gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ka, A4 Podd\u016fstojnick\u00e1 fysil\u00edrsk\u00e1 (mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e1) \u010d\u00e1ka<\/h4>\n

\u010c\u00e1ky podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f se od stejn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky \u0159adov\u00e9ho mu\u017estva odli\u0161ovaly pouze n\u011bkolika detaily: u obou druh\u016f \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty<\/em> byl pompon podd\u016fstojnick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ky \u010dtvrcen\u00fd poli b\u00edl\u00e9 a oran\u017eov\u00e9 barvy (to bylo ostatn\u011b ozna\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy), u gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/em> byl jejich \u201esult\u00e1n\u201c v\u00a0posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtin\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd s\u00a0pod\u00e9ln\u00fdm oran\u017eov\u00fdm pruhem. Horn\u00ed okraj d\u00fdnka v\u0161ech podd\u016fstojnick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1k byl lemov\u00e1n \u017elutou stuhou.<\/p>\n

A5, B5 Stejnokroj mu\u017estva<\/h4>\n

Zaveden v\u00a0roce 1802, nahradil p\u016fvodn\u00ed pavlovsk\u00fd stejnokroj, st\u0159i\u017een\u00fd podle prusk\u00e9ho vzoru. Skl\u00e1dal se z\u00a0kab\u00e1tce frakov\u00e9ho st\u0159ihu a b\u00edl\u00fdch kalhot (v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch soukenn\u00fdch, letn\u00ed kalhoty z\u00a0vl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tna). Na nohy obouval voj\u00e1k polovysok\u00e9 m\u011bkk\u00e9 holinky z\u00a0matn\u011b \u010dern\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee. Ke stejnokroji d\u00e1le n\u00e1le\u017eely A7<\/b>, A8<\/b>, A9\/A10<\/b> (dle hodnosti) \u2013 tot\u00e9\u017e v\u00a0proveden\u00ed B<\/b>, C3<\/b>, C4\/C5<\/b>.<\/p>\n

A6, B6 Kab\u00e1tec podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f<\/h4>\n

P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0inspekci a k\u00a0pluku symbolizovaly na kab\u00e1tc\u00edch mu\u017estva a podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f barvy l\u00edmce, man\u017eet a n\u00e1ramen\u00edku. Zat\u00edmco l\u00edmec<\/em> a man\u017eety<\/em> byly v\u00a0\u201ebarv\u011b inspekce\u201c, n\u00e1ramen\u00edk<\/em> svou barvou ur\u010doval tzv. \u201estar\u0161instvo\u201c \u2013 po\u0159ad\u00ed pluku v\u00a0inspekci (maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 10 barev v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 inspekci). Na l\u00edmc\u00edch a man\u017eet\u00e1ch podd\u016fstojnick\u00fdch kab\u00e1tc\u016f byla \u2013 jako ozna\u010den\u00ed jejich podd\u016fstojnick\u00e9 hodnosti (nikoliv ov\u0161em jej\u00edho stupn\u011b) \u2013 na\u0161ita 1,5 cm \u0161irok\u00e1 \u017elut\u00e1 stuha. Na l\u00edmci byla v\u00a0popisovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed lemov\u00e1na p\u0159edn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed hrana (ke zm\u011bn\u011b do\u0161lo a\u017e po roce 1807), na man\u017eet\u011b jej\u00ed horn\u00ed hrana a del\u0161\u00ed strana man\u017eetov\u00e9 klopy. Pouze horn\u00ed hranu man\u017eety m\u011bli touto stuhou lemov\u00e1nu svobodn\u00edci (jefrejtori) \u2013 ti ov\u0161em nebyli podd\u016fstojn\u00edky! Man\u017eety podd\u016fstojnick\u00fdch kab\u00e1tc\u016f byly skute\u010dn\u011b rozp\u00ednac\u00ed \u2013 v\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu tak vypadaly i man\u017eety mu\u017estva, ale z\u00a0\u00fasporn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f se od toho upustilo. Podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm z\u016fstyly kv\u016fli no\u0161en\u00ed rukavic s\u00a0man\u017eetou. K\u00a0tomuto kab\u00e1tci pat\u0159\u00ed C1<\/b> (u mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fdch a fysil\u00edrsk\u00fdch rot), C2<\/b>, C3<\/b>, C4\/5<\/b> (u gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch rot).<\/p>\n

A7, B7 T\u00e1borov\u00e1 \u010dapka<\/h4>\n

Jedin\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b p\u0159e\u0161la z\u00a0pavlovsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Vzhledov\u011b velmi podobn\u00e1 t\u00e9, kterou pou\u017e\u00edvala arm\u00e1da francouzsk\u00e1 – na rozd\u00edl od n\u00ed se ale v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b nosil \u201epytel\u201c kolpaku se st\u0159apcem voln\u011b spl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed po prav\u00e9 stran\u011b hlavy. Okolek \u010dapky nesl barvu inspekce, pruhy lemuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161vy kolpaku byly v\u00a0barv\u011b n\u00e1ramen\u00edk\u016f pluku. St\u0159apec svou barevnou kombinac\u00ed ur\u010doval p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0rot\u011b (shodn\u011b se st\u0159apci z\u00e1p\u011bstn\u00edho \u0159emenu C3<\/b>). \u010capku bylo dovoleno nosit v\u00a0prostorech ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci \u2013 ve slu\u017eb\u011b a v\u00a0boji byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

A8, B8 Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 mu\u017estva<\/h4>\n

Nahradil p\u0159i zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho stejnokroje p\u016fvodn\u00ed pavlovsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. L\u00edmec byl \u2013 st\u0159ihem i barvou \u2013 shodn\u00fd s\u00a0l\u00edmcem kab\u00e1tce, vysok\u00e9 kulat\u00e9 man\u017eety byly v\u00a0barv\u011b pou\u017eit\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b se zhotovovaly ze sukna n\u011bkolika barev \u2013 dolo\u017eeny jsou \u010dern\u00e1, zelen\u00e1 (stejnokrojov\u00e1) a hn\u011bdo\u0161ed\u00e1 (dom\u00e1cky tkan\u00e9 sukno). Bylo stanoveno, \u017ee pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0jednom pluku mus\u00ed m\u00edt jednotnou barvu. N\u00e1ramen\u00edky byly, stejn\u011b jako na kab\u00e1tci, v\u00a0plukovn\u00ed barv\u011b. M\u011bl-li voj\u00e1k tento pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 oble\u010den, p\u0159ep\u00e1s\u00e1val ho ve\u0161kerou nesenou v\u00fdstroj\u00ed a v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed. V\u00a0letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed ho nosil bu\u010f ve \u201eskatce\u201c p\u0159es rameno (chr\u00e1nil si tak v\u00a0boji hru\u010f a b\u0159icho), nebo slo\u017een\u00fd na v\u00edku torny (to byla v\u00a0roce 1805 novinka, do t\u00e9 doby se pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ukl\u00e1daly do rotn\u00edch povoz\u016f).<\/p>\n

A9, B9 N\u00e1bojov\u00e1 bra\u0161na podd\u016fstojn\u00edka<\/h4>\n

Podd\u016fstojn\u00edci, u kter\u00fdch se v\u00a0taktick\u00fdch z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch rusk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty nepo\u010d\u00edtalo s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee se aktivn\u011b zapoj\u00ed do palby sv\u00e9 roty, nosili polovi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu st\u0159eliva v\u00a0bra\u0161n\u011b na b\u0159i\u0161e, kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 terminologii naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201epodsumok\u201c. Bra\u0161ny gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f nesly v\u00a0roz\u00edch mosazn\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty, bra\u0161ny fysil\u00edrsk\u00fdch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f pouze panovnick\u00fd znak. Zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed toho, pro\u010d jsou zde i podsumky mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fdch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, najde \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0avizovan\u00e9m podrobn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

A10, B10 N\u00e1bojov\u00e1 bra\u0161na mu\u017estva<\/h4>\n

\u0158adov\u00fd voj\u00e1k nosil z\u00e1sobu 60 n\u00e1boj\u016f (p\u0159esn\u011bji 59 n\u00e1boj\u016f, proto\u017ee jeden byl trvale nabit) v\u00a0n\u00e1bojov\u00e9 bra\u0161n\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla shodn\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u011bchot\u011b snad v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Pod masivn\u00edm v\u00edkem z\u00a0tvrd\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee byly v\u00a0bra\u0161n\u011b ulo\u017eeny d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 boxy s\u00a0hn\u00edzdy pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd po\u010det n\u00e1boj\u016f. V\u00a0mal\u00e9 kapse na p\u0159edn\u00ed stran\u011b bra\u0161ny nosil voj\u00e1k n\u00e1hradn\u00ed kameny a dal\u0161\u00ed drobn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti ke zbrani. Bra\u0161nu nosil na 9,3 cm \u0161irok\u00e9m \u0159emeni \u2013 nebyla k\u00a0n\u011bmu p\u0159i\u0161ita, ale p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1na tenk\u00fdm \u0159em\u00ednkem. Zdoben\u00ed v\u00edka je toto\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0podd\u016fstojnick\u00fdm podsumkem.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C \u2013 V\u00fdzbroj a v\u00fdstroj<\/h4>\n

C1 Halapartna podd\u016fstojn\u00edka mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fdch rot<\/h4>\n

Tento podd\u016fstojnick\u00fd symbol tak\u00e9 p\u0159etrval z\u00a0pavlovsk\u00e9 doby. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b byl v\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1807 a ur\u010dit\u011b byl s\u00a0podd\u016fstojn\u00edkem na slavkovsk\u00e9m boji\u0161ti. Ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u2013 kde. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ve vozech, v\u00a0sestav\u011b byl archaick\u00fd a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eel. Je mo\u017eno se opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b domn\u00edvat, \u017ee podd\u016fstojn\u00edci mu\u0161ket\u00fdr\u016f byli vyzbrojeni n\u011bkter\u00fdm ze vzor\u016f p\u011bchotn\u00ed pu\u0161ky (proto ten mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00fd \u201epodsumok\u201c na plaket\u011b).<\/p>\n

C2 Podd\u016fstojnick\u00e1 h\u016fl<\/h4>\n

Symbol podd\u016fstojnick\u00e9 hodnosti a pravomoci. Podd\u016fstojn\u00edk ji nosil (na rozd\u00edl od d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f) ve slu\u017eb\u011b. H\u016fl z\u00a0r\u00e9vov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, s\u00a0kost\u011bnou rukojet\u00ed, ko\u017een\u00fdm poutkem a mosaz\u00ed okovan\u00fdm koncem. D\u00e9lka se stanovovala podle postavy \u2013 dr\u017eel-li ji podd\u016fstojn\u00edk za rukoje\u0165 ve voln\u011b spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ruce kolmo dol\u016f, musel se konec h\u016flky dot\u00fdkat \u0161pi\u010dky jeho boty. Za pochodu nosil h\u016flku poutkem zav\u011b\u0161enou na druh\u00e9m knofl\u00edku stejnokroje a konec h\u016flky byl pov\u011b\u0161en na ko\u017een\u00e9m poutku zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9m na lev\u00e9m knofl\u00edku v\u00a0pase kab\u00e1tce.<\/p>\n

C3 Opasek se z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00edky, z\u00e1p\u011bstn\u00ed \u0159emeny<\/h4>\n

Opasek z\u00a0b\u011blen\u00e9 los\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, \u0161irok\u00fd 4,95 cm, zap\u00ednan\u00fd na obd\u00e9ln\u00edkovou \u017eeleznou p\u0159ezku s\u00a0jedn\u00edm trnem. P\u0159i zapnut\u00ed se v\u00a0poloze upev\u0148oval pomoc\u00ed poutka na\u0161it\u00e9ho na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b \u0159emenu (na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b), kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipjalo k\u00a0lich\u00e9mu (sedm\u00e9mu) knofl\u00edku na\u0161it\u00e9mu pon\u011bkud n\u00ed\u017ee na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00edk p\u011bchotn\u00edho tes\u00e1ku byl shodn\u00e9ho proveden\u00ed s\u00a0d\u016fstojnick\u00fdm (viz plaketa 01<\/a>), z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00edk pro tulejov\u00fd bod\u00e1k byl na\u0161it zhruba v\u00a0polovin\u011b vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi \u0159emeny z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00edku tes\u00e1ku.<\/p>\n

C4 Pu\u0161ka 1763, C5 Pu\u0161ka 1798<\/h4>\n

Dva ze vzor\u016f p\u011bchotn\u00edch pu\u0161ek, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00a0popisovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed ruskou p\u011bchotou. K\u00a0ob\u011bma pu\u0161k\u00e1m existovaly i podd\u016fstojnick\u00e9 verze. Jejich podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis s\u00a0rozm\u011bry najde \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 rubrice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stejnokroje, v\u00fdstroj a v\u00fdzbroj podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a mu\u017estva rusk\u00e9 \u0159adov\u00e9 p\u011bchoty v roce 1805<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,20],"tags":[6247,5947],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-ruska-armada","tag-ruska-armada-1805","tag-ruska-pechota"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16226,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions\/16226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}