{"id":420,"date":"2003-07-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-07-02T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/michail-andrejevic-miloradovic\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:34:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:34:10","slug":"michail-andrejevic-miloradovic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/michail-andrejevic-miloradovic\/","title":{"rendered":"Michail Andrejevi\u010d Miloradovi\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"center\">Jako dev\u00edtilet\u00fd byl jmenov\u00e1n podprapor\u010d\u00edkem gardov\u00e9ho Izmajlovsk\u00e9ho pluku na trval\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se. Studoval na univerzit\u011b v K\u00f6nigsbergu, d\u011blost\u0159elbu a opev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pak na univerzit\u011b ve Strassburgu&#8230; Suvorov mu \u0159\u00edkal M\u00ed\u0161o.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><em>narozen: 1.10.1771<br \/>\nzem\u0159el: 14.12.1825 v Petrohradu<br \/>\nsvobodn\u00fd, bezd\u011btn\u00fd<br \/>\nrusk\u00fd hrab\u011b &#8211; 1813<\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/miloradovich.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14131\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/miloradovich.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/miloradovich.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/miloradovich-131x150.jpg 131w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/miloradovich-262x300.jpg 262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk rusk\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161lechty (7 v\u011btv\u00ed rodu je zaps\u00e1no v knize \u010cernigovsk\u00e9 gubernie), jeho otec, Andrej St\u011bpanovi\u010d, byl gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edkem a Suvorovov\u00fdm spolubojovn\u00edkem (+1796). Vojensk\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra Michajla Andrejevi\u010de za\u010dala, jak bylo u rusk\u00e9 \u0161lechty zvykem, u\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed. Jako dev\u00edtilet\u00fd byl jmenov\u00e1n podprapor\u010d\u00edkem gardov\u00e9ho Izmajlovsk\u00e9ho pluku na trval\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se. Studoval na univerzit\u011b v K\u00f6nigsbergu, d\u011blost\u0159elbu a opev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pak na univerzit\u011b ve Strassburgu. Po n\u00e1vratu do Ruska byl dnem 4.3.1787 jmenov\u00e1n prapor\u010d\u00edkem gardov\u00e9ho Izmajlovsk\u00e9ho pluku. Z\u00fa\u010dastnil se \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (1788-90), 16.9.1797 jmenov\u00e1n plukovn\u00edkem, 27.7.1798 gener\u00e1lmajorem a \u0161\u00e9fem Ap\u0161eronsk\u00e9ho mu\u0161ket\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho pluku. V jeho \u010dele pro\u0161el,pod Suvorovov\u00fdm velen\u00edm, cel\u00e9 Italsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed a \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd pochod. Tam se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zaly jeho p\u0159ednosti &#8211; Miloradovi\u010d nebyl velk\u00fdm taktikem, byl mu\u017eem okam\u017eiku. Kdy\u017e ov\u0161em ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd okam\u017eik nastal, byl pak zcela jeho-osv\u011bd\u010dil se jako velitel p\u0159edvoje, jeho dom\u00e9nou se staly bleskurychl\u00e9 bo\u010dn\u00ed \u00fatoky. Mimo kn\u00ed\u017eete Bagrationa nebyl v rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b druh\u00fd takov\u00fd velitel. A Suvorov jen tak n\u011bkomu M\u00ed\u0161o ne\u0159\u00edkal&#8230; Z\u00e1hadou ov\u0161em z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, jak mohl d\u016fstojn\u00edk Miloradovi\u010dova temperamentu &#8222;p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt&#8220; bez \u00fahony Pavlovy arm\u00e1dn\u00ed reformy. Pov\u011bstnou se stala jeho stejnokrojov\u00e1 sv\u00e9vole, kterou se snad cht\u011bl vyrovnat Muratovi. Pravdou ale tak\u00e9 je, \u017ee pod jeho velen\u00edm se z Ap\u0161eronsk\u00e9ho pluku stal jeden z nejl\u00e9pe vycvi\u010den\u00fdch pluk\u016f v rusk\u00e9 p\u011bchot\u011b.<\/p>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Se sv\u00fdm plukem se Miloradovi\u010d z\u00fa\u010dastnil i ta\u017een\u00ed v roce 1805. D\u011blal p\u0159esn\u011b to, co od n\u011bj Kutuzov o\u010dek\u00e1val &#8211; spolu s Bagrationem se st\u0159\u00eddal ve velen\u00ed zadn\u00edmu voji Podolsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Jedin\u011b tihle dva byli toti\u017e schopni zbrzdit postup francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Za boje u Krem\u017ee byl pov\u00fd\u0161en do hodnosti gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edka a ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei Sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed IV.stupn\u011b p\u0159ibyl stupe\u0148 t\u0159et\u00ed. V citaci se uv\u00e1d\u00ed: &#8222;jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00edho hrdinstv\u00ed a osobn\u00ed state\u010dnosti v boj\u00edch proti francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b &#8211; 24.\u0159\u00edjna u Emingenu a 30.\u0159\u00edjna u Krem\u017ee, kde, jako velitel brig\u00e1dy lev\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla udr\u017eel m\u011bsto pod zu\u0159iv\u00fdmi \u00fatoky nep\u0159\u00edtele a odrazil ho n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t bod\u00e1ky.&#8220;(k\u0159\u00ed\u017e mu byl p\u0159ed\u00e1n 12.1.1806 a je v seznamu uveden pod \u010d\u00edslem 124.).<\/p>\n<p>Miloradovi\u010dova \u010dinnost ve slavkovsk\u00e9 bitv\u011b je pom\u011brn\u011b podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na v Uhl\u00ed\u0159ov\u011b knize, jako jeden z nemnoha rusk\u00fdch velitel\u016f vy\u0161el Miloradovi\u010d z prohran\u00e9 bitvy se ct\u00ed. U\u017e v roce 1806 vel\u00ed sboru na tureck\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161ti (rusko-tureck\u00e1 v\u00e1lka 1806-1812). Chov\u00e1 se tam jako obvykle &#8211; bleskov\u00fdm \u00fatokem dob\u00fdv\u00e1 pevnost a m\u011bsto Bucharest, za co\u017e je mu ud\u011blena zlat\u00e1 zbra\u0148 s vav\u0159\u00ednov\u00fdmi ratolestmi a n\u00e1pisem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm toto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1809 je jmenov\u00e1n gener\u00e1lem p\u011bchoty a v l\u00e9t\u011b 1810 je jmenov\u00e1n kyjevsk\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm gubern\u00e1torem.<\/p>\n<p>Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b kon\u010d\u00edm stru\u010dn\u00fd slu\u017eebn\u00ed \u017eivotopis gener\u00e1la Miloradovi\u010de. P\u0159i\u0161el rok 1812 &#8211; a ten by vydal na deset stran popisu, stejn\u011b jako jeho \u00fa\u010dast na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm pochodu 1813-14. Tam si za sv\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy vyslou\u017eil mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed do stavu rusk\u00fdch hrabat. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek je jmenov\u00e1n do funkce petrohradsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho gubern\u00e1tora. 14. prosince 1825 ukon\u010dila kulka jednoho z d\u011bkabrist\u016f \u017eivot jednoho z nejlep\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy prvn\u00ed poloviny XIX. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jen pro zaj\u00edmavost &#8211; v letech 1797 &#8211; 1800 m\u016f\u017eeme v seznamu rusk\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f naj\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b jednoho Miloradovi\u010de. Je uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako Miloradovi\u010d-2 a jde o plukovn\u00edka Semena Jefimovi\u010d Miloradovi\u010de-2, plukovn\u00edka a pozd\u011bji majitele Olviopolsk\u00e9ho husarsk\u00e9ho pluku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/images\/historie\/tazeni1805\/vojaci%20ruskeho%20cara\/milorad_erb.jpg\" border=\"0\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<em>Miloradovi\u010d\u016fv rodov\u00fd znak v roce 1813<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jako dev\u00edtilet\u00fd byl jmenov\u00e1n podprapor\u010d\u00edkem gardov\u00e9ho Izmajlovsk\u00e9ho pluku na trval\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se. Studoval na univerzit\u011b v K\u00f6nigsbergu, d\u011blost\u0159elbu a opev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pak na univerzit\u011b ve Strassburgu&#8230; Suvorov mu \u0159\u00edkal M\u00ed\u0161o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,20],"tags":[5953,5899,5950],"class_list":["post-420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-ruska-armada","tag-general-miloradovic","tag-napoleonske-valky","tag-ruska-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=420"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14134,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions\/14134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}