V\u00fdcvik byl zam\u011b\u0159en zejm\u00e9na na man\u00e9vr v (na dne\u0161n\u00ed pom\u011bry) velk\u00fdch po\u010dtech. Napoleonsk\u00fd reenactement m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 limity. Ka\u017ed\u00fd voj\u00e1k se pe\u010dliv\u011b star\u00e1 o dokonalost sv\u00e9 v\u00fdstroje, na akc\u00edch sp\u00ed ve stanu na sl\u00e1m\u011b a pije z\u00e1sadn\u011b z dobov\u011b vyhl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edho hrne\u010dku. Deset \u010di dvacet \u010dlen\u016f jednoho klubu tu v\u00edce a tu m\u00e9n\u011b zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed dovednosti jednotlivc\u016f a mal\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00fdmi p\u0159ed 200 lety za\u010d\u00ednal v\u00fdcvik ka\u017ed\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka. Pe\u010dliv\u011b se cvi\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u0159adov\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed, nab\u00edjen\u00ed zbran\u011b a st\u0159elba. A\u017e potud jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed jednotky reenactementu velice v\u011brn\u00e9 sv\u00fdm historick\u00fdm p\u0159edloh\u00e1m.
Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy se deset takov\u00fdch jednotek o r\u016fzn\u00e9m po\u010dtu r\u016fzn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f sjede na akci a m\u00e1 na bitevn\u00edm poli p\u0159edv\u00e9st koordinovanou bitevn\u00ed uk\u00e1zku. P\u0159es ve\u0161kerou snahu je celkov\u00fd „vzhled bitvy“ zpravidla na hony vzd\u00e1len boji p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. Na bitevn\u00edch pol\u00edch reenactementu vl\u00e1dne improvizace a chaos. Vybere-li si div\u00e1k konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch 20 voj\u00e1k\u016f ve dvou\u0159adu a zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na n\u011b svou pozornost (sv\u016fj dalekohled), uvid\u00ed detail v dne\u0161n\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch pom\u011brn\u011b v\u011brn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed dobov\u00e9 realit\u011b. Pokud v\u0161ak p\u0159ehl\u00e9dne cel\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b a p\u00e1tr\u00e1 po n\u00e1znaku synchronizovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn formac\u00ed, po \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch a man\u00e9vrovac\u00edch kolon\u00e1ch, po linii, je\u017e by vedla palbu spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, nenajde je. Tu a tam se podle sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e vytvo\u0159\u00ed kar\u00e9 (obrann\u00e1 formace proti jezdectvu) – ale v\u017edy provizorn\u011b a poka\u017ed\u00e9 jinak. Probl\u00e9mem je tak\u00e9 moment st\u0159etu mezi „nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi“ formacemi. Dosud v\u0161e prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak, \u017ee se po chv\u00edli p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho p\u0159etla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotky k sob\u011b oto\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1dy a spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b ustoup\u00ed na v\u00fdchoz linii. Dojem z cel\u00e9 bitvy to pon\u011bkud kaz\u00ed…
Jedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f CENSu je posunout reenactement o dal\u0161\u00ed krok vp\u0159ed – tj. nau\u010dit jednotky vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 by byla postavena na dobov\u00fdch p\u0159edpisech, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 secvi\u010dit „nep\u0159\u00e1tele“, aby na sv\u00e9 man\u00e9vry a \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 postupy reagovaly co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejp\u0159irozen\u011bji a v\u011brohodn\u011b. Velk\u00e1 dvousetlet\u00e1 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed bitev jako Slavkov, Wagram (a Znojmo), Borodino, Lipsko, nebo Waterloo, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech \u010dekaj\u00ed, jsou v\u00fdzvou a motivac\u00ed.
V Buchlovic\u00edch proto francouzsk\u00e9 jednotky cvi\u010dily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podle upraven\u00fdch vybran\u00fdch pas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tzv. \u0161koly batalionu p\u0159edpisu z 1. sprna 1791, tedy podle materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd stanovoval mechanismy francouzk\u00fdch p\u011bchotn\u00edch man\u00e9vr\u016f po cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00edch a napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek.
Takov\u00fd experiment m\u00e1 celou \u0159adu \u00faskal\u00ed. Jednotky li\u0161\u00edc\u00ed se v po\u010dtech i stavu vycvi\u010denosti je t\u0159eba pro takov\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed „p\u0159etavit“ do symetrick\u00e9ho batalionu. Je t\u0159eba odhl\u00e9dnout od toho, \u017ee toto „je garda“ a toto „pouze \u0159adov\u00e1 p\u011bchota“. V\u0161ichni bez rozd\u00edlu v uniform\u011b stoj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci jednoho celku. Vybran\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci a podd\u016fstojn\u00edci by m\u011bli ji\u017e b\u00fdt teoreticky p\u0159ipraveni. Podle p\u0159edem vypracovan\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 od man\u00e9vr\u016f teoreticky jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sk\u0159\u00edpe – a trp\u011blivost v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch je nap\u00edn\u00e1na, m\u00edsty ur\u010dit\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b dost. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161ichni se za\u0165at\u00fdmi zuby vydr\u017eeli, a kdy\u017e se man\u00e9vr prov\u00e1d\u00ed po \u010dtvrt\u00e9 a po sedm\u00e9, jde ji\u017e v\u0161e najednou docela snadno.
Rozd\u00edly ve vycvi\u010denosti p\u016fsob\u00ed jen drobn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. Chyby v p\u0159esnosti kroku, je\u017e by v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku u\u010dinily batalion o 800 voj\u00e1c\u00edch tak\u0159ka neovladateln\u00fdm, se v po\u010dtu desetkr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00edm ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. Nejistota n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f v povelov\u00e9 technice a v mechanismu man\u00e9vr\u016f cel\u00e9 jejich proveden\u00ed sice zdr\u017euje, ale „t\u011b\u017eko na cvi\u010di\u0161ti, lehko na boji\u0161ti“. Nebylo by zcela f\u00e9r n\u011bkter\u00e9 jednotky vyzdvihnout a jin\u00e9 k\u00e1rat. V\u0161ichni – bez rozd\u00edlu v\u011bku a symbolu vyra\u017een\u00e9ho na knofl\u00edku – celou sobotu a ned\u011bln\u00ed dopoledne d\u0159eli stejnou m\u011brou. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jist\u011b poznal, kde je t\u0159eba p\u0159idat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b celek fungoval v r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed dob\u0159e a cel\u00fd projekt lze ozna\u010dit za realizovateln\u00fd a \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd. D\u016fstojn\u00edci rakousk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kte\u0159\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 man\u00e9vry v Buchlovic\u00edch vid\u011bli, prohl\u00e1sili, \u017ee „to vypad\u00e1 opravdu dob\u0159e“. Jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f p\u011bchotn\u00ed taktiky francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy – toti\u017e razantn\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 kolona – kter\u00fd na boji\u0161t\u00edch reenactementu nen\u00ed nikde k vid\u011bn\u00ed – pr\u00fd i dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed na v tenk\u00e9 linii stoj\u00edc\u00edho rakousk\u00e9ho p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ka „nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm dojmem“.
Bude je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu trvat, ne\u017e se na\u0161ich 100 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k\u016f stane zmen\u0161enou kopi\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho batalionu. Ale ji\u017e nyn\u00ed znaj\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kterak na dne\u0161n\u00edch evprosk\u00fdch boji\u0161t\u00edch p\u0159edv\u00e9st, krom\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u011b cvi\u010den\u00fdch prvk\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed, je\u017e d\u00e1 div\u00e1kovi ur\u010ditou lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak boj ve skute\u010dnosti prob\u00edhal. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed body v\u00fdcviku v tomto sm\u011bru pat\u0159\u00ed propracov\u00e1n\u00ed taktiky d\u011blost\u0159electva, jeho souhry s p\u011bchotou a souhra tohoto celku s protivn\u00edkem.<\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Minul\u00fd v\u00edkend str\u00e1vila v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f francouzsk\u00fdch a \u010d\u00e1st \u010dlen\u016f spojeneck\u00fdch jednotek CENS v Buchlovic\u00edch, je\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok oslav\u00ed 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vsi na m\u011bstys. Celkem je obsadilo na 250 uniformovan\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f klub\u016f vojensk\u00e9 historie. Na programu byl intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdcvik a men\u0161\u00ed bitevn\u00ed uk\u00e1zka pro ve\u0159ejnost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-akce-c-e-n-s-2004"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1384,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions\/1384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}