{"id":603,"date":"2004-12-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-joseph-alvinczy-svobodny-pan-von-borberek-1735-1810\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:54","slug":"polni-marsal-joseph-alvinczy-svobodny-pan-von-borberek-1735-1810","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-joseph-alvinczy-svobodny-pan-von-borberek-1735-1810\/","title":{"rendered":"Poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Joseph Alvinczy svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Borberek (1735-1810)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Alvinczy svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Borberek, poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Joseph<\/span><br \/>\n(* 1. \u00fanora 1735 Vin\u0163u de Jos, Sedmihradsko\u201325. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1810 Buda)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Joseph Alvinczy[1] svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Borberek,[2] poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l a nositel velkok\u0159\u00ed\u017ee \u0158\u00e1du Marie Terezie. P\u016fvodem etnick\u00fd Ma\u010far se narodil v Sedmihradsku (nyn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st Rumunska) v m\u00edst\u011b dnes zvan\u00e9m Vin\u0163u de Jos.[3] Do arm\u00e1dy vstoupil v patn\u00e1cti letech. Bojoval v sedmilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lce jako setn\u00edk gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, \u00fa\u010dastnil se bitvy u Torgau a dobyt\u00ed Sv\u00eddnice. U Torgau a Teplic utrp\u011bl v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji se stal plukovn\u00edkem p\u011b\u0161\u00edho pluku \u010d. 19 a v roce 1786 i jeho majitelem. Po v\u00e1lce se stal d\u016fstojn\u00edkem v Lacyho nov\u011b budovan\u00e9m \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edm sboru. Bojoval tak\u00e9 ve v\u00e1lce o d\u011bdictv\u00ed bavorsk\u00e9, kde v \u010dele sv\u00e9ho pluku zajal p\u0159i p\u0159epadu Habelschwerdtu prince von Hessen-Philippsthal. Vyslou\u017eil si za to pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed do hodnosti gener\u00e1lmajora a ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e Vojensk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du Marie Terezie (MTO). P\u016fsobil jako vojensk\u00fd vychovatel budouc\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka a vyu\u010doval jej zejm\u00e9na taktice. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">V tureck\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch velel pod Laudonem divizi. V roce 1790 vedl \u00fatok na Lutych, ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd nizozemsk\u00fdmi vzbou\u0159enci. B\u011bhem revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek v letech 1793\u20131794 slou\u017eil v rakousk\u00e9m Nizozem\u00ed. \u00da\u010dastnil se bitvy u Neerwindenu, za co\u017e mu byl ud\u011blen komand\u00e9rsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e MTO. Dne 21. kv\u011btna 1794 z\u00edskal hodnost poln\u00edho zbrojmistra. Za \u00fa\u010dast v bitv\u011b u Charleroi z\u00edskal velkok\u0159\u00ed\u017e t\u00e9ho\u017e \u0159\u00e1du, byl rovn\u011b\u017e u Fleurus. V roce 1795 velel c\u00edsa\u0159sko-kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b na Horn\u00edm R\u00fdn\u011b a po skon\u010den\u00ed tohoto ta\u017een\u00ed se vr\u00e1til do V\u00eddn\u011b, aby se stal \u010dlenem Dvorsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 rady. Na konci roku 1796 p\u0159evzal velen\u00ed nad ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed arm\u00e1dou v Tyrolsku, zorganizoval zde domobranu a ve dnech 15.\u201317. listopadu se ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b st\u0159etnul s Bonapartem u Arcole. Velel rovn\u011b\u017e v bitv\u011b u Rivoli 14. ledna 1797. Navzdory t\u011bmto por\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed byl t\u00e9ho\u017e roku jmenov\u00e1n vojensk\u00fdm m\u00edstodr\u017eitelem v Uhr\u00e1ch a jeho m\u00edsto zaujal arciv\u00e9voda Karel. V roce 1808 byl pov\u00fd\u0161en do hodnosti poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la a od c\u00edsa\u0159e dostal darem panstv\u00ed v Ban\u00e1tu. Zem\u0159el v Bud\u011b 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1810 jako posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk sv\u00e9ho rodu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Literatura:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">OTTOVA encyklopedie obecn\u00fdch v\u011bdomost\u00ed na CD-ROM, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 heslo \u201aAlvinczy, Josef\u2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">RITTERSBERG, J. Ritter von, Biographien der ausgezeichnetsten verstorbenen und lebenden Feldherrn der k. k. \u00d6sterreichischen Arm\u00e9e, aus der Epoche der Feldz\u00fcge 1788\u20131821 nebst Abbildungen. 1829, s. 55\u201366.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">WURZBACH, C. von, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Band I. Wien 1856\u20131891, s. 22. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small\">[1] V literatu\u0159e se vyskytuje \u0159ada variant transkripce mar\u0161\u00e1lova p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. Alvinczi, Allvintzy, Alvincy. Nej\u010dast\u011bji je v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v\u00fd\u0161e u\u017eit\u00e1 verze Alvinczy.<br \/>\n[2] Dne\u0161n\u00ed rumunsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no t\u00e9to lokality zn\u00ed Vurp\u0103r (ma\u010f. Borberek; n\u011bm. Burgberg bei M\u00fchlbach), nedaleko m\u011bsta Sebe\u015f (n\u011bm. M\u00fchlbach). V literatu\u0159e se lze setkat i s variantami Barberek a Berberek.<br \/>\n[3] Vin\u0163u de Jos (ma\u010f. Alvincz, n\u011bm. Unter-Winz), obec v rumunsk\u00e9 provincii Alba, JZ nedaleko spr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u0159ediska Alba Iulia.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stru\u010dn\u00e1 biografie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,44],"tags":[5878],"class_list":["post-603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-rakouska-armada","tag-rakouska-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=603"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14629,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions\/14629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}