{"id":610,"date":"2004-12-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-dagobert-siegmund-hrabe-von-wurmser\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:54","slug":"polni-marsal-dagobert-siegmund-hrabe-von-wurmser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-dagobert-siegmund-hrabe-von-wurmser\/","title":{"rendered":"Poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Dagobert Siegmund hrab\u011b von Wurmser"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Wurmser, poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Dagobert Siegmund hrab\u011b von<\/span><br \/>\n(* 7. kv\u011btna 1724 \u0160trasburk\u2013\u2020 21. dubna 1797 V\u00edde\u0148)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l a nositel velkok\u0159\u00ed\u017ee Vojensk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du Marie Terezie (MTO), potomek jednoho z nejstar\u0161\u00edch alsask\u00fdch rod\u016f. Jako poddan\u00fd francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le zah\u00e1jil svou vojenskou kari\u00e9ru u husarsk\u00e9ho pluku Berch\u00e9ny. Pod velen\u00edm mar\u0161\u00e1la de Soubise se pak z\u00fa\u010dastnil po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch ta\u017een\u00ed sedmilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edru mezi Franci\u00ed a Angli\u00ed v roce 1762 pak p\u0159e\u0161el do c\u00edsa\u0159sko-kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, ji\u017e s pov\u011bst\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho a schopn\u00e9ho velitele, specialisty na tzv. nepravidelnou v\u00e1lku. Ji\u017e v roce 1763 byl pov\u00fd\u0161en na gener\u00e1lmajora a v roce 1778 na poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, v roce 1775, se stal plukovn\u00edkem-majitelem husarsk\u00e9ho pluk \u010d. 8, kter\u00fd nesl jeho jm\u00e9no a\u017e do jeho smrti. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky o bavorsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed (1778\u20131779) velel nejprve v \u010dervenci 1778 men\u0161\u00edmu sboru, kter\u00fd kryl hlavn\u00ed arm\u00e1du, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v opevn\u011bn\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159e u Jarom\u011b\u0159e. V zim\u011b 1778\u20131779 vedl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sbor o p\u011bti kolon\u00e1ch, se kter\u00fdm obsadil kladsk\u00e9 hrabstv\u00ed. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vystoupen\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce mu vyneslo ud\u011blen\u00ed velkok\u0159\u00ed\u017ee MTO. Hned po t\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00e9m m\u00edru z 22. \u00fanora 1779 jej c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. jmenoval vel\u00edc\u00edm gener\u00e1lem (<span style=\"font-style: italic\">Kommandierender General<\/span>) v Hali\u010di, z d\u016fvodu t\u011bsn\u00e9ho sousedstv\u00ed s Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, odkud hrozilo nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Do v\u00e1lky s Turky (1788\u20131790) nicm\u00e9n\u011b nezas\u00e1hnul. Od roku 1787 p\u016fsobil ji\u017e v hodnosti gener\u00e1la jezdectva (<span style=\"font-style: italic\">General der Cavallerie<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Na ja\u0159e 1793 obdr\u017eel velen\u00ed nad c\u00edsa\u0159sko-kr\u00e1lovskou arm\u00e1dou na Doln\u00edm R\u00fdn\u011b a za\u00fato\u010dil na arm\u00e1du gener\u00e1la Custina. Postupn\u011b jej porazil u Rohrbachu (29. \u010dervna), Gemersheimu (19. a 22. \u010dervence) a Essingenu (27. \u010dervence), \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabr\u00e1nil francouzsk\u00e9mu pokusu o vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oble\u017een\u00e9 Mohu\u010de. Pot\u00e9 vytla\u010dil Francouze z pozic v Bienwaldu a u Lauterburgu a Weissenburgu (23. srpna). Za tyto akce byl vyznamen\u00e1n velkok\u0159\u00ed\u017eem \u0158\u00e1du Marie Terezie 25. \u0159\u00edjna 1793. V prosinci 1793 v\u0161ak musel na\u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b \u00fastup za R\u00fdn pod tlakem francouzsk\u00e9 protiofenz\u00edvy. V lednu 1794 jej ve funkci vrchn\u00edho velitele hornor\u00fdnsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy nahradil kn\u00ed\u017ee Waldeck. V srpnu 1795 v\u0161ak velen\u00ed obdr\u017eel zp\u011bt a podniknul \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou ofenz\u00edvu, kter\u00e1 skon\u010dila dobyt\u00edm Mannheimu (23. listopadu). Pot\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010dil R\u00fdn a obsadil Falc. V \u010dervnu 1796 p\u0159evzal, nyn\u00ed ji\u017e v hodnosti poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la, od poln\u00edho zbrojmistra Jean-Pierra hrab\u011bte de Beaulieu velen\u00ed nad c\u00edsa\u0159sko-kr\u00e1lovskou Lombardskou arm\u00e1dou (<span style=\"font-style: italic\">k. k. Lombardische Armee<\/span>). Ve v\u011bku 72 let a 3 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka nebyl takov\u00fdm symbolem vojensk\u00e9 neschopnosti, jak se tomu stane v budoucnu, ale zn\u00e1m\u00fdm a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm velitelem. Evropsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost od n\u011bj o\u010dek\u00e1vala kr\u00e1tk\u00fd proces s Napoleonovou Italskou arm\u00e1dou (<span style=\"font-style: italic\">Arm\u00e9e d\u2019Italie<\/span>). Nakonec se o to musel pokou\u0161et dvakr\u00e1t a ani jednou neusp\u011bl. Poprv\u00e9 byl Napoleonem pora\u017een u Castiglione 5. srpna 1796, p\u0159i druh\u00e9m pokusu o vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oble\u017een\u00e9 Mantovy u Rovereta (4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed) a Bassana (8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed) a musel se st\u00e1hnout do pevnosti. Pot\u00e9 co selhaly i dva n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 pokusy o vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pevnosti z obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, musel se 7. \u00fanora 1797 vzd\u00e1t. Napoleon mu zaru\u010dil kapitulaci s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi poctami. Hrab\u011b Wurmser se pot\u00e9 uch\u00fdlil do V\u00eddn\u011b a m\u011bl p\u0159evz\u00edt funkci vojensk\u00e9ho velitele v Uhr\u00e1ch. Dlouh\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u0159ejm\u011b i velk\u00e9 psychick\u00e9 vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u011bly zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv na jeho zdrav\u00ed. Poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l zem\u0159el ve V\u00eddni 22. srpna 1797.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Literatura:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">VOYKOWITSCH, Bernhard, <span style=\"font-style: italic\">Castiglione 1796. Napoleon repulses Wurmser\u2019s first attack<\/span>. Helmet Feldzug Series 1. Helmet Military Publications: Maria Enzersdorf 1998, s. 23.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">WURZBACH, C. von, <span style=\"font-style: italic\">Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich<\/span>. Svazek 59. Wien 1856\u20131891, s. 1\u20135.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stru\u010dn\u00e1 biografie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,44],"tags":[5878],"class_list":["post-610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-rakouska-armada","tag-rakouska-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=610"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14634,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610\/revisions\/14634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}