{"id":612,"date":"2004-12-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-blasius-columban-svobodny-pan-von-bender-1713-1798\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:54","slug":"polni-marsal-blasius-columban-svobodny-pan-von-bender-1713-1798","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/polni-marsal-blasius-columban-svobodny-pan-von-bender-1713-1798\/","title":{"rendered":"Poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Blasius Columban svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Bender (1713-1798)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Bender, poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Blasius Columban svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von<\/span><br \/>\n(* 1713 Gengebach, B\u00e1densko &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Arial\">\u2020<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small\"> 20. listopadu 1798)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb vstoupil v roce 1733 a je\u0161t\u011b pod Ev\u017eenem Savojsk\u00fdm se z\u00fa\u010dastnil v\u00e1lky proti Osman\u016fm, pot\u00e9 slezsk\u00e9, nizozemsk\u00e9 a sedmilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kde v\u0161ude vynikal svou state\u010dnost\u00ed. U Mollwitz, \u0160t\u011brbohol, Striegau a Trautenau byl t\u011b\u017ece ran\u011bn. V roce 1758 se stal plukovn\u00edkem pluku Colloredo, 1769 gener\u00e1lmajorem a velitelem pevnosti Philippsburg. V roce 1775 byl pov\u00fd\u0161en na poln\u00edho podmar\u0161\u00e1la a o sedm let pozd\u011bji, v roce 1782, jej c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. pov\u00fd\u0161il do stavu svobodn\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f. V roce 1785 byl Bender jmenov\u00e1n poln\u00edm zbrojmistrem a velitelem pevnosti Lucemburk. V t\u00e9to pozici mu s vypuknut\u00edm povst\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipadla d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u00faloha. Metody c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. v Rakousk\u00e9m Nizozem\u00ed, kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00ed od bezohledn\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f do c\u00edrkevn\u00edch a sv\u011btsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v po pokusy o \u00fastupky, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159ich\u00e1zely p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b, vy\u00fastily v dob\u011b od \u0159\u00edjna do prosince 1789 v odtr\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to provincie. Jen v Lucemburku se da\u0159ilo Benderovi lok\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed pon\u011bkud tlumit a zabr\u00e1nit jeho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ke Spojen\u00fdm belgick\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, jak se \u00fazem\u00ed Rakousk\u00e9ho Nizozem\u00ed od 11. ledna 1790 naz\u00fdvalo. <\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Ihned po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1stupu na tr\u016fn jmenoval Leopold II. Bendera do \u010dela arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla povst\u00e1n\u00ed potla\u010dit. Jeho \u00falohu mu odpo\u010d\u00e1tku povstalci uleh\u010dovali svou roz\u0161t\u011bpenost\u00ed. Obsadil Limburg a vy\u010dk\u00e1val v\u00fdsledk\u016f jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi v\u00edde\u0148skou vl\u00e1dou a povstalci. Ta ztroskotala koncem listopadu a Bender stanul ji\u017e 30. 11. s 30 tis\u00edci mu\u017ei p\u0159ed Bruselem a vstoupil do n\u011bj 3. prosince. Zbytek Rakousk\u00e9ho Nizozem\u00ed pot\u00e9 obsadil v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo t\u00fddn\u016f. V letech 1791-1792 p\u016fsobil poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Bender jako vrchn\u00ed vojensk\u00fd velitel v Rakousk\u00e9m Nizozem\u00ed, p\u0159esto se, hlavn\u011b kv\u016fli pokro\u010dil\u00e9mu v\u011bku, aktivn\u011b ne\u00fa\u010datnil boj\u016f s arm\u00e1dami revolu\u010dn\u00ed Francie. Po vyklizen\u00ed Rakousk\u00e9ho Nizozem\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdmi jednotkami b\u011bhem roku 1794 znovu p\u0159evzal velen\u00ed nad pevnost\u00ed Lucemburk a skv\u011bl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem po osm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f \u0159\u00eddil jej\u00ed obranu proti arm\u00e1d\u011b gener\u00e1la Hatryho. Za \u010destn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se z\u00e1rukou voln\u00e9ho odchodu podepsal 5. ledna 1795 kapitulaci a zavr\u0161il tak svou neoby\u010dejnou vojenskou kari\u00e9ru. Star\u00fd mar\u0161\u00e1l zem\u0159el o t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji 20. listopadu 1798 ve v\u011bku 85 let.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Literatura:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">ALLGEMEINE deutsche Biographie [autor JANKO, Wilhelm Edler von]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small\">AMON von TREUENFEST, Gustav Ritter, <span style=\"font-style: italic\">Geschichte des k. k. Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 20 Friedrich Wilhelm, Kronprinz des Deutschen Reiches und Kronprinz von Preussen<\/span>. Wien, 1878.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stru\u010dn\u00e1 biografie poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la, kter\u00fd do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb vstoupil v roce 1733 a je\u0161t\u011b pod Ev\u017eenem Savojsk\u00fdm se z\u00fa\u010dastnil v\u00e1lky proti Osman\u016fm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,44],"tags":[5878],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-rakouska-armada","tag-rakouska-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14618,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/14618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}