{"id":715,"date":"2005-12-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova-a-valka-roku-1805\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:42","slug":"bitva-u-slavkova-a-valka-roku-1805","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova-a-valka-roku-1805\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitva u Slavkova a v\u00e1lka roku 1805"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Jak u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zjistili z anotace v periodiku \u201eNov\u00e9 knihy&#8220; zjistili, vych\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u011bchto dnes Sborn\u00edk studi\u00ed a dokument\u016f s n\u00e1zvem \u201eBitva u Slavkova a v\u00e1lka roku 1805&#8243;, jen\u017e navazuje na lo\u0148sk\u00fd sborn\u00edk \u201eT\u0159et\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka&#8220;, by\u0165 m\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fd (klasick\u00fd kni\u017en\u00ed) form\u00e1t. V\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011btisetstr\u00e1nkov\u00e1 publikace je kolektivn\u00edm d\u00edlem historik\u016f, sdru\u017een\u00fdch kolem Projektu Austerlitz 2005 \u010di s n\u00edm jakkoliv sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00fdch a p\u0159edmluvou jej opat\u0159il jeden z nejpovolan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, prof. Oleg Sokolov.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/obalka1805.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12998\" src=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/obalka1805-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/obalka1805-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/obalka1805-111x150.jpg 111w, https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/obalka1805.jpg 658w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V obsahu najdete celou \u0159adu u n\u00e1s dosud nepublikovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a dokument\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159eklad z\u00e1sadn\u00ed a ob\u0161\u00edrn\u00e9 studie M. de Lombar\u00e8se, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se anal\u00fdzou Napoleonov\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch a taktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edprav Bitvy u Slavkova , komentovan\u00fd p\u0159eklad relac\u00ed o bitv\u011b u Slavkova z pera mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016f Berthiera, Soulta, Murata a Davouta, p\u0159eklady Stutterheimovy rakousk\u00e9 relace o bitv\u011b a den\u00edku rakousk\u00e9ho majora Mahlerna z roku 1805, z n\u011bm\u010diny p\u0159elo\u017een\u00fd den\u00edk anonymn\u00edho brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0161\u0165ana, barvit\u011b popisuj\u00edc\u00ed pobyt Francouz\u016f v Brn\u011b a rozbor edic rakousk\u00fdch plukovn\u00edch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">P\u016fvodn\u00ed studie se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed jak boj\u016f arciv\u00e9vody Karla s Mass\u00e9nou na italsk\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161ti roku 1805, tak i z\u00e1v\u011bru III. koali\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky a pre\u0161pursk\u00e9ho m\u00edru a ot\u00e1zek egaliza\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f rakousk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed studie v\u011bnovan\u00e1 bitv\u011b u Trafalgaru a prov\u00e1zen\u00e1 podrobn\u00fdm ordre de bataille i charakteristikami plavidel a velitel\u016f pak tvo\u0159\u00ed v \u010desk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 produkci bezesporu nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejobjektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed proslul\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho st\u0159etu, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ed dv\u011bma sty let.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Knihu s atraktivn\u00edm p\u0159ebalem a motivem z Meissonierovy skicy k obrazu \u201e1805&#8243; vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 nakladatelstv\u00ed AKCENT. Pokud ji neobjev\u00edte na kni\u017en\u00edch pultech, m\u016f\u017eete si ji objednat na dob\u00edrku na adrese Vydavatelstv\u00ed Akcent, B. V\u00e1clavka 20, T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d, \u010di na e-mailu <a href=\"mailto:akcent@vydavatelstviakcent.cz\">akcent@vydavatelstviakcent.cz<\/a>.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Auto\u0159i text\u016f: Martin Hrubala, Jaroslav Kotul\u00e1n, Ji\u0159\u00ed Kova\u0159\u00edk, Ji\u0159\u00ed Lejnar, Karel \u0158ezn\u00ed\u010dek, Karel S\u00e1\u010dek, Jakub Samek, Ond\u0159ej Tup\u00fd, Lubom\u00edr Uhl\u00ed\u0159. Editorem byl Jakub Samek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">lovo \u00favodem<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Oleg Sokolov<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Dne 8. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 zazn\u011bly nedaleko bavorsk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka Wertingen d\u011blov\u00e9 salvy. Byly to prvn\u00ed v\u00fdst\u0159ely velk\u00e9 epopeje kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lky napoleonsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee lun\u00e9villsk\u00fd m\u00edr mezi Franci\u00ed a Rakouskem v roce 1801 a amiensk\u00fd m\u00edr mezi Franci\u00ed a Angli\u00ed ud\u011blaly te\u010dku za revolu\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00e1lkami, jejich\u017e plamen pl\u00e1polal v Evrop\u011b dvacet let. Francie i cel\u00e1 Evropa hled\u011bly s nad\u011bj\u00ed do budoucnosti. Ba i v Anglii, kde zpravidla panovaly siln\u00e9 protifrancouzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady, v\u00edtalo uzav\u0159en\u00fd m\u00edr s nad\u0161en\u00edm. Av\u0161ak b\u011bda, z onoho m\u00edru se stala jen krati\u010dk\u00e1 p\u0159est\u00e1vka ve v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m st\u0159etu. Prvn\u00ed konzul Francouzsk\u00e9 republiky Napoleon Bonaparte byl mlad\u00fd, cti\u017e\u00e1dostiv\u00fd a pln\u00fd el\u00e1nu. Nemohl nevyu\u017e\u00edt onu obrovskou p\u0159evahu sil, j\u00ed\u017e Francie od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b disponovala. Roku 1802 dal pr\u00e1vn\u00ed formu anexi Piemontu. Vyu\u017eil politick\u00e9 z\u00e1polen\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, vlo\u017eil se do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed on\u00e9 zem\u011b a de facto \u0160v\u00fdcarsko zm\u011bnil ve francouzsk\u00fd protektor\u00e1t. To, \u017ee v Francouzi obsadili v pr\u016fb\u011bhu revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek lev\u00fd b\u0159eh R\u00fdna, anektovali b\u00fdval\u00e9 rakousk\u00e9 Nizozem\u00ed (dne\u0161n\u00ed Belgii) a nav\u00edc prom\u011bnili Holandsko ve vazalsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, nemohlo nechat evropsk\u00e9 politiky chladn\u00fdmi. Zejm\u00e9na Lond\u00fdn pohl\u00ed\u017eel na tyto francouzsk\u00e9 snahy ostra\u017eit\u011b a podez\u00edrav\u011b. Pro anglick\u00e9 obchodn\u00edky a pr\u016fmysln\u00edky byl takov\u00fdto vzestup francouzsk\u00e9 moci nep\u0159ijateln\u00fdm zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee zm\u011bny, k nim\u017e ve Francii v pr\u016fb\u011bhu revoluce a v obdob\u00ed Konzul\u00e1tu do\u0161lo, vytv\u00e1\u0159ely z francouzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho konkurenta anglick\u00e9 ekonomiky.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Obvykle se tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to byly Bonapartovy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 sebejist\u00e9 kroky na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b, obavy anglick\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch kruh\u016f z nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho konkurenta v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti a nep\u0159ijatelnost revolu\u010dn\u00ed Francie pro feud\u00e1ln\u011b-monarchistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, co vyvolalo roku 1803 ostr\u00fd rozpor mezi Franci\u00ed a Angli\u00ed a v d\u016fsledc\u00edch vedlo i ke vzniku t\u0159et\u00ed koalice. P\u0159itom se zapom\u00edn\u00e1 na obrovskou roli, kterou ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho protifrancouzsk\u00e9ho spolku sehr\u00e1l imper\u00e1tor Alexandr I . Alexandrovy \u010diny diktovaly sp\u00ed\u0161e osobn\u00ed d\u016fvody, jeho osobn\u00ed antipatie v\u016f\u010di Prvn\u00edmu konzulovi a posl\u00e9ze c\u00edsa\u0159i Francouz\u016f, ne\u017e geopolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy Ruska a to, \u017ee rusk\u00e9 elity my\u0161lenky Francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce zavrhly. Nevezmeme-li v \u00favahu roli, kterou tyto osobn\u00ed motivy sehr\u00e1ly, t\u011b\u017eko pochop\u00edme jak \u00fa\u010dast Ruska ve v\u00e1lce roku 1805, tak i \u00falohu, ji\u017e m\u011bli jeho spojenci. Alexandr vt\u00e1hl rakousk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka do koalice doslova silou a pranic se neohl\u00ed\u017eel na to, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 rakousk\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dek v \u010dele s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm rakousk\u00fdm vojev\u016fdcem arciv\u00e9vodou Karlem s podobnou politikou nesouhlasili.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh vojensk\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed se v mnoh\u00e9m jevil jako d\u016fsledek politick\u00e9 situace v p\u0159edve\u010der v\u00e1lky. Rakousk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 sv\u011b\u0159il velen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed \u00fadern\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti rakousk\u00fdch vojsk tomu gener\u00e1lovi, kter\u00fd tak\u0159ka jako jedin\u00fd z rakousk\u00fdch vojev\u016fdc\u016f ze v\u0161ech sil podporoval my\u0161lenku v\u00e1lky. On\u00edm smutn\u011b proslul\u00fdm byl jist\u00fd Karl Mack von Leiberich. S ohledem na arciv\u00e9vodu Karla, c\u00edsa\u0159ova bratra, byly rovn\u011b\u017e vy\u010dlen\u011bny mohutn\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se vypravily na druhopl\u00e1nov\u00e9 jevi\u0161t\u011b vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed v It\u00e1lii. Alexandr I. sledoval ze sv\u00e9 strany a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho politick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f nar\u00e1z. Vy\u010dlenil zna\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edly pro v\u00fdsadek v severn\u00edm N\u011bmecku, pro v\u00fdsadky v ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lii, k politick\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku na Prusko a ostatn\u00ed s\u00edly rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy rozpt\u00fdlil do rozli\u010dn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f. To m\u011blo v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Spojenci sice disponovali tak\u0159ka dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi silami a plnou strategickou iniciativou (hlavn\u00ed Napoleonovy s\u00edly se nach\u00e1zely v Boulogne na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed La Manche a chystaly se k vylod\u011bn\u00ed v Anglii ), ale v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b se uk\u00e1zali b\u00fdt slab\u0161\u00edmi.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Napoleon se projevil jako vskutku vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed strat\u00e9g. Pustil z hlavy v\u0161echny druho\u0159ad\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a zkoncentroval svoje hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly na rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm sm\u011bru. Nedbal na celkovou s\u00edlu, je\u017e byla v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s po\u010dty spojeneck\u00fdch vojsk men\u0161\u00ed, a soust\u0159edil v pot\u0159ebn\u00e9m prostoru v pot\u0159ebn\u00fd \u010das prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zaly jako v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9. Skv\u011bl\u00fdm ulmsk\u00fdm pochodov\u00fdm man\u00e9vrem rozbil Napoleon napadr\u0165 Mackovu arm\u00e1du. Hlavn\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 s\u00edly v \u010dele se samotn\u00fdm Mackem kapitulovaly 20. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 u Ulmu&#8230;<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Za\u010dala v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e9 se pr\u00e1vem dostalo p\u0159edn\u00edho m\u00edsta v an\u00e1lech vojensk\u00e9 historie.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed u Ulmu nicm\u00e9n\u011b zat\u00edm neznamenalo, \u017ee atak skon\u010d\u00ed i v\u00e1lka. Na konci listopadu se d\u00edky Kutuzovov\u00fdm obratn\u00fdm operac\u00edm poda\u0159ilo zachr\u00e1nit vojska p\u0159ed \u00faderem Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a znovu shrom\u00e1\u017edit mohutnou arm\u00e1du, v jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stanuli osobn\u011b rusk\u00fd a rakousk\u00fd imper\u00e1tor. Rusov\u00e9 i Raku\u0161an\u00e9 m\u011bli \u0161anci zm\u011bnit jim p\u0159\u00edznivou p\u0159est\u00e1vku ve vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch tak, aby disponovali absolutn\u00ed strategickou p\u0159evahou. Z It\u00e1lie a Tyrol p\u0159ich\u00e1zela osmdes\u00e1titis\u00edcov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da arciv\u00e9vod\u016f Karla a Johanna. Na severu se Prusov\u00e9 u\u017e u\u017e chystali p\u0159idat na stranu koalice. Z Ruska p\u0159ich\u00e1zely \u010derstv\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy. Kutuzov n\u00e1dhern\u011b rozezn\u00e1val, kterak je chv\u00edle p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e1, a carovi navrhoval, aby se snaha porazit Napoleona, kter\u00fd m\u011bl do\u010dasnou p\u0159evahu sil, na n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das odlo\u017eila. <\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><br \/>\nC\u00edsa\u0159 Francouz\u016f se nicm\u00e9n\u011b projevil jako mistr psychologick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Obran\u00fdmi tahy na \u0161achovnici politick\u00e9 hry se mu poda\u0159ilo spojence vyprovokovat k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu v\u00fdpadu. Napoleon skv\u011ble sehr\u00e1l \u00falohu slab\u00e9ho vojev\u016fdce, jen\u017e se nep\u0159\u00edtele ob\u00e1v\u00e1. Alexandr I. a jeho mlad\u00ed pobo\u010dn\u00edci, jim\u017e car v\u011b\u0159il p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, se chytili do s\u00edt\u011b. Alexandr I. zavrhl rady zku\u0161en\u00e9ho Kutuzova a vydal rozkaz k ofenziv\u011b. <\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Dne 2. prosince roku 1805 se pl\u00e1n\u00edch u Slavkova za\u010dalo odv\u00edjet jedno z nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch st\u0159etnut\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 historie. Napoleon nep\u0159\u00edtele dovedn\u011b p\u0159im\u011bl k \u00fatoku, mistrovsky sehr\u00e1l celou partii od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce a dobyl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, jak\u00fdch je v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojensk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed jen velmi m\u00e1lo. Tato bitva v sob\u011b m\u011bla v\u0161e k tomu, aby se Slavkov stal jednou z nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a re\u017eijn\u011b nejdokonalej\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1nek lidsk\u00e9 historie. J\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed arm\u00e1da, oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed noc p\u0159ed bitvou v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed korunovace sv\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e, Napoleonovo rann\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed s jeho nejlep\u0161\u00edmi mar\u0161\u00e1ly, z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 slunce, je\u017e vy\u0161lo v okam\u017eiku, kdy c\u00edsa\u0159 k\u00e1zal za\u00fato\u010dit, zu\u0159iv\u00e9 boje u Telnice a Sokolnic, nenad\u00e1l\u00fd \u00fader na Prateck\u00fd kopec, skv\u011bl\u00fd a jako k vyvrcholen\u00e1 dramatu zkomponovan\u00fd \u00fatok rusk\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed gardy a je\u0161t\u011b skv\u011blej\u0161\u00ed proti\u00fatok francouzsk\u00e9ho gardov\u00e9ho jezdectva, to v\u0161e zakon\u010deno fin\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdstupem v podob\u011b katastrofy spojenc\u016f u \u017dat\u010dansk\u00e9ho a M\u011bn\u00ednsk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka. <\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Slavkov, to je chef d&#8217;oeuvre Napoleonova strategick\u00e9ho a taktick\u00e9ho mistrovstv\u00ed stejn\u011b jako skv\u011bl\u00fd v\u00fdsledek zmu\u017eilosti voj\u00e1k\u016f Velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, doklad jejich skv\u011bl\u00e9 vycvi\u010denosti a taktick\u00e9 dokonalosti. K takov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 dokonalosti byly ov\u0161em t\u0159eba dlouh\u00e9 roky revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek, n\u00e1dhern\u00e1 \u0161kola t\u00e1bora v Boulogne, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ale magick\u00fd vliv, jak\u00fd m\u011bl na arm\u00e1du nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z vojev\u016fdc\u016f Evropy.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Ve sborn\u00edku publikovan\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky a materi\u00e1ly odhaluj\u00ed tyto ud\u00e1losti z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran. Je zde mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 relace mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016f Davouta, Soulta, Murata i Berthiera, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnout bitvu z pohledu francouzsk\u00fdch velitel\u016f, p\u0159esnou a ojedin\u011ble nestrannou relaci gener\u00e1lmajora Stutterheim, stejn\u011b jako den\u00edk majora Mahlerna, je\u017e je pohledem na bitvu z rakousk\u00e9 strany. Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je rozbor Napoleonova pl\u00e1nu, napsan\u00fd francouzsk\u00fdm plukovn\u00edkem Michelem de Lombar\u00e8s. Lombar\u00e8s p\u0159edn\u011b dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee pl\u00e1n francouzsk\u00e9 vojev\u016fdce nebyl p\u0159es ve\u0161kerou jeho genialitu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm jevem, \u017ee jen uzr\u00e1l jako plod skute\u010dn\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho talentu. Z\u00e1m\u011br se nejednou m\u011bnil v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdvoji situace a i v pr\u016fb\u011bhu bitvy samotn\u00e9 doznal korektur.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><br \/>\nUd\u00e1losti v\u00e1lky roku 1805 nelze pochopit bez p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00ed k tomu, co se odehr\u00e1lo na mo\u0159i, nebo na italsk\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161ti. Karel \u0158ezn\u00ed\u010dek se obs\u00e1hle a velmi st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011b v\u011bnuje jedn\u00e9 z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch bitev &#8211; Trafalgaru. Ud\u00e1lostem v It\u00e1lii a z\u010d\u00e1sti i krut\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Caldiera a \u010dinnosti arciv\u00e9vody Karla je v\u011bnov\u00e1na sta\u0165 Jaroslava Kotul\u00e1na.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><br \/>\nVzez\u0159en\u00ed on\u00e9 v\u00e1lky by bylo ne\u00fapln\u00e9, kdybychom si o n\u00ed nemohli na\u0161e p\u0159edstavy doplnit o poznatky z m\u00edstn\u00edch archiv\u016f a pohledem obyvatel Moravy na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Den\u00edk brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0161\u0165ana, p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e1 Ji\u0159\u00edm Lejnarem, toto t\u00e9ma vypl\u0148uje. Francouzsk\u00e1 vojska se rovn\u011b\u017e nach\u00e1zela na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Slovenska; tomu je v\u011bnov\u00e1na sta\u0165 Martina Hrubaly.<\/span><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><br style=\"font-style: italic\" \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Celkov\u011b se tento sborn\u00edk jev\u00ed jako z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd a zaj\u00edmav\u00fd vklad do pozn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky roku 1805 i jej\u00ed kvintesence, velk\u00e9 bitvy u Slavkova, a douf\u00e1me, \u017ee bude ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed p\u0159ijat se z\u00e1jmem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Oleg Sokolov,<br \/>\ndoktor historick\u00fdch v\u011bd,<br \/>\nprofesor Sankt-pet\u011brbursk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity,<br \/>\nryt\u00ed\u0159 \u0159\u00e1du \u010cestn\u00e9 legie<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Obsah.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edmluva Olega Sokolova<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Relace a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o bitv\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ji\u0159\u00ed Kova\u0159\u00edk, <em>Francouzsk\u00e9 relace o bitv\u011b u Slavkova<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>Relace mar\u0161\u00e1la Berthiera<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1la Davouta<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1la Murata<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1la Soulta<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Karel S\u00e1\u010dek, <em>Stutterheimova relace<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>II. Pam\u011bti a plukovn\u00ed d\u011bjiny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ond\u0159ej Tup\u00fd, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/denik-majora-mahlerna-z-roku-1805\/\"><em>Den\u00edk majora Mahlerna z\u00a0roku 1805<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Karel S\u00e1\u010dek \u2013 Ond\u0159ej Tup\u00fd, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/bitva-u-slavkova-v-monografiich-k-dejinam-rakouskych-pluku\/\"><em>Bitva u Slavkova v\u00a0monografi\u00edch k\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1m rakousk\u00fdch pluk\u016f<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ji\u0159\u00ed Lejnar, <em>Pozn\u00e1mky brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0161\u0165ana<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Studie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Karel \u0158ezn\u00ed\u010dek, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/karel-reznicek-trafalgarska-epopej\/\"><em>Trafalgarsk\u00e1 epopej<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>Prolog<\/em><br \/>\n<em>V\u00e1lka<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Kampa\u0148 1805<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Trafalgar<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bitva<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Dozvuky<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Epilog<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Karel \u0158ezn\u00ed\u010dek, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/trafalgarska-epopej-medailonky-desitky-admiralu\/\"><em>Medailonky des\u00edtky admir\u00e1l\u016f<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Karel \u0158ezn\u00ed\u010dek, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/trafalgarska-epopej-charakteristika-a-vyzbroj-bitevnich-plavidel\/\">Charakteristika a v\u00fdzbroj bitevn\u00edch plavidel<\/a>, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/trafalgarska-epopej-bitevni-sestavy-velitele-ztraty\/\"><em>Bitevn\u00ed sestavy, velitel\u00e9 a ztr\u00e1ty<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Jaroslav Kotul\u00e1n, <em>Caldiero 1805<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Jaroslav Kotul\u00e1n, <em>Italsk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed roku 1805<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Michel de Lombar\u00e8s, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/michel-de-lombares-pred-slavkovem-po-stopach-cisarova-mysleni\/\"><em>P\u0159ed Slavkovem, po stop\u00e1ch c\u00edsa\u0159ova my\u0161len\u00ed<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Martin Hrubala, <em>Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 franc\u00fazskej arm\u00e1dy roku 1805 v\u00a0Trnave<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Lubom\u00edr Uhl\u00ed\u0159, <em>Schematismy rakousk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z\u00a0let 1805 a 1806<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ond\u0159ej Tup\u00fd \u2013 Karel S\u00e1\u010dek, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/rozlisovani-soucasti-rakouske-armady-1792-1815\/\"><em>Dodatky ke studii <\/em>Rakousk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u00a0roce 1805<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sborn\u00edk dokument\u016f a studi\u00ed vydan\u00fd u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed bitvy u Slavkova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12998,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-sborniky-projektu-austerlitz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=715"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14229,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715\/revisions\/14229"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}