{"id":754,"date":"2006-08-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-08-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/marsalove-se-nikdy-nevzdavaji\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:41","slug":"marsalove-se-nikdy-nevzdavaji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/marsalove-se-nikdy-nevzdavaji\/","title":{"rendered":"Mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u00e9 se nikdy nevzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uk\u00e1zka \u010d\u00e1sti kapitoly z rukopisu Mar\u0161\u00e1l Ney – Napoleon\u016fv nejstate\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kolem p\u00e1t\u00e9, po hodin\u011b st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f a proti\u00fatok\u016f, si Michel Ney kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159iznal, \u017ee neproraz\u00ed. Vyslal do prvn\u00edho sledu relativn\u011b \u010derstvou Ledruho divizi a dal j\u00ed rozkaz, aby kryla \u00fastup na Koryt\u0148u. Miloradovi\u010d se domn\u00edval, \u017ee sbor rozbil; utvrdilo jej v tom n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc neozbrojen\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f beze zbran\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u00e1hli za Neyem a nyn\u00ed z\u016fstali ztraceni v krajin\u011b. Stra\u0161liv\u011b pro\u0159\u00eddl\u00e9 Neyovy kolony tak mohly zvolna zmizet v de\u0161tiv\u00e9m ve\u010deru ke dva kilometry vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 vsi Danilovka, kde zastavily. V\u00e9voda de F\u00e9zensac, tehdy mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016fv pobo\u010dn\u00edk, pozd\u011bji vzpom\u00ednal:<\/p>\n

\u201eSmr\u00e1kalo se; 3. sbor pochodoval ml\u010dky, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z n\u00e1s nedok\u00e1zal \u0159\u00edci, co si po\u010dneme, av\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edtomnost mar\u0161\u00e1la Neye n\u00e1s sta\u010dila uklidnit. Nev\u011bd\u011bli jsme, co chce, ani co m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat, m\u011bli jsme ale jistotu, \u017ee n\u011bco podnikne. Kdy\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b vedle sebe uvid\u011bl jednoho d\u016fstojn\u00edka ze sv\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1bu, \u0159ekl mu polohlasn\u011b:
\n,Nejsme na tom dob\u0159e.\u2018
\n,Co ud\u011bl\u00e1te?\u2018 zeptal se onen d\u016fstojn\u00edk.
\n,P\u0159ejdu Dn\u011bpr.\u201b
\n,V\u00edte, kudy vede cesta?\u201b
\n,Najdem ji.\u201b
\n,A nebude-li zamrzl\u00fd?\u201b
\n,Bude!\u201b
\n,K\u00e9\u017e by,\u201b op\u00e1\u010dil d\u016fstojn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Ten prost\u00fd dialog, kter\u00fd zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1m doslovn\u011b, odhalil mar\u0161\u00e1l\u016fv pl\u00e1n dostat se do Or\u0161y po prav\u00e9m \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm b\u0159ehu…\u201c<\/p>\n

Onen zoufale sm\u011bl\u00fd pl\u00e1n se nezrodil v mar\u0161\u00e1lov\u011b hlav\u011b, p\u0159i\u0161el s n\u00edm na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed porad\u011b plukovn\u00edk Jean-Jacques Pelet, velitel 48. pluku Ricardovy divize. V Portugalsku b\u00fdval Mass\u00e9nov\u00fdm n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem \u0161t\u00e1bu a Ney se s n\u00edm tehdy dostal do mnoha prudk\u00fdch spor\u016f. Plukovn\u00edk nyn\u00ed rozlo\u017eil mapu a Rougeaudovi \u0159ekl:<\/p>\n

\u201eNechte n\u00e1s pochodovat k Dn\u011bpru, jsme od n\u011bj jen p\u00e1r hodin, je zamrzl\u00fd, budeme po n\u011bm moci p\u0159ej\u00edt, t\u00e1hnout pod\u00e9l n\u011bj a dok\u00e1\u017eeme se zas v Or\u0161e spojit s c\u00edsa\u0159em.\u201c<\/p>\n

Byl to pl\u00e1n tak \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd, \u017ee i Lva s rudou h\u0159\u00edvou zarazil. Pelet pozd\u011bji napsal, \u017ee ve chv\u00edli, kdy se mu povedlo mar\u0161\u00e1la p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, pro\u017eil nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed minutou sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Ney pak voj\u00e1k\u016fm kr\u00e1tce \u0159ekl:<\/p>\n

\u201ePovedu v\u00e1s, dokud n\u00e1m zb\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017enost, abychom se bili. Kdy\u017e ne, m\u00e1m je\u0161t\u011b svoje pistole; neud\u011bl\u00e1m Rus\u016fm tu radost, aby m\u011b s sebou odvlekli!\u201c<\/p>\n

Zb\u00fdvalo naj\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto k p\u0159echodu, co\u017e nebylo jednoduch\u00e9, nebo\u0165 obleva sta\u010dila led na hladin\u011b prudk\u00e9 a vzedmut\u00e9 \u0159eky naru\u0161it. Ru\u0161t\u00ed nevoln\u00edci ale vypov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee nedaleko od Danilovky je z\u00e1to\u010dina, kde \u0159eka zamrz\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edve a v n\u00ed\u017e nejd\u00e9le vydr\u017e\u00ed led.<\/p>\n

\u201eDn\u011bpr byl v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech vskutku dost zamrzl\u00fd, aby se po n\u011bm dalo p\u011b\u0161ky p\u0159ej\u00edt. Zat\u00edmco se hledal p\u0159echod, plnily se chalupy u\u017e r\u00e1no ran\u011bn\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky a voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed se dovlekli a\u017e sem, chirurgov\u00e9 jim sotva mohli poskytnout prvn\u00ed pomoc; ti nezran\u011bn\u00ed se v\u011bnovali sh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed j\u00eddla. Jedin\u00fd mar\u0161\u00e1l Ney, jen\u017e zapomn\u011bl jak na dne\u0161n\u00ed, tak i na z\u00edt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, usnul hlubok\u00fdm sp\u00e1nkem,\u201c poznamenal F\u00e9zensac.<\/p>\n

O p\u016flnoci z 18. na 19. listopadu vyhl\u00e1sil Ney pohotovost a vydal rozkaz k dal\u0161\u00edmu pochodu. Zap\u00e1len\u00e9 t\u00e1borov\u00e9 ohn\u011b m\u011bly nep\u0159\u00edtele ubezpe\u010dit, \u017ee tu 3. sbor d\u00e1l nocuje. Sotva v\u0161ak trosky sboru do\u0161ly do bl\u00edzkosti b\u0159ehu, vrhli se na n\u011b Platovovi koz\u00e1ci. Ney seskupil do \u010dtverc\u016f v\u0161e, co mu zb\u00fdvalo, dovnit\u0159 nahnal ty civilisty v\u010detn\u011b \u017een, kte\u0159\u00ed se od sboru neodtrhli, s\u00e1m se chopil jedn\u00e9 z mu\u0161ket a za nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 palby z pu\u0161ek i posledn\u00edch dvou d\u011bl vedl \u00fastup pod\u00e9l \u0159eky k z\u00e1to\u010din\u011b. Koz\u00e1ci se nakonec st\u00e1hli, vyhr\u00e1no t\u00edm v\u0161ak nebylo, nebo\u0165 Dn\u011bpr pokr\u00fdval jen tenk\u00fd a nesouvisl\u00fd ledov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkrov. Michel Ney na\u0159\u00eddil, aby lid\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1zeli jednotliv\u011b a v dostate\u010dn\u00fdch rozestupech, omezuj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost probo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1ci lezli po ledu m\u00edsty po \u010dty\u0159ech, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se i plazili, \u010dastokr\u00e1t bylo nutno sk\u00e1kat p\u0159es praskliny \u010di na kry, leckdo plul na kr\u00e1ch jako na vorech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se sna\u017eil kolbami mu\u0161ket kormidlovat. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fd tok p\u0159ekonali, padli na b\u0159eh vy\u010derpan\u00ed, promrzl\u00ed, v mokr\u00fdch \u0161atech, chv\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se slabost\u00ed i chladem. Za \u0159ekou narazili na nevyp\u00e1lenou vesni\u010dku, v n\u00ed\u017e mohli rozd\u011blat ohn\u011b a sn\u00edst n\u011bco brambor i mouky, nalezen\u00e9 v chalup\u00e1ch. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fasvitem, po t\u0159ech hodin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jim Ney dal na odpo\u010dinek a opozdilc\u016fm na to, aby zkusili svoji \u0161anci, vyrazili 19. listopadu vyrazili p\u0159es ves Ljubavi\u010de do hust\u00fdch les\u016f pod\u00e9l prav\u00e9ho b\u0159ehu Dn\u011bpru.<\/p>\n

Po cel\u00fd den zneklid\u0148ovaly pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ky koz\u00e1ck\u00e9 od\u0159ady s lehk\u00fdmi d\u011bly, p\u0159epravovan\u00fdmi na san\u00edch, v\u00e9voda Elchingensk\u00fd v\u0161ak byl v\u0161ude a v\u0161em dod\u00e1val odvahu.<\/p>\n

V p\u00e1tek 20. listopadu za\u00fato\u010dila na 3. sbor masa Platovov\u00fdch koz\u00e1k\u016f. Mar\u0161\u00e1l vytvo\u0159il z toho, co mu zbylo, dv\u011b kar\u00e9, ostrost\u0159elc\u016fm na\u0159\u00eddil, a\u0165 se skryj\u00ed za stromy, a vzdoroval.<\/p>\n

Ob\u011b kar\u00e9 ustoupila k poledni ke vsi Jakubov, kde se op\u0159ela o les, a mar\u0161\u00e1l dal ve zn\u00e1most, \u017ee se tu hodl\u00e1 br\u00e1nit do dev\u00edti ve\u010der; pak \u017ee se pokus\u00ed zmizet no\u010dn\u00edm pochodem.<\/p>\n

Ida Saint-Elme, v\u011brn\u00e1 Neyova ctitelka a n\u011bkdy i milenka, uv\u00e1d\u00ed ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m svazku sv\u00fdch memo\u00e1r\u016f vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed voj\u00e1ka, s n\u00edm\u017e se pozd\u011bji, na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1813, setkala. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je p\u0159ikr\u00e1\u0161lila, p\u0159esto zn\u00ed velice autenticky:<\/p>\n

\u201eNab\u00edjel jsem pu\u0161ku po jeho boku; jeho vytrvalost dod\u00e1vala odvahu i t\u011bm, co se b\u00e1li nejv\u00edc. To on n\u00e1s zachr\u00e1nil, kdy\u017e polo\u017eil mezi n\u00e1s a Miloradovi\u010dovy voj\u00e1ky \u0159eku. Zranili m\u011b tam, nu co, nemyslel jsme na to, vid\u011bl jsem jen sv\u00e9ho state\u010dn\u00e9ho mar\u0161\u00e1la. Kdy\u017e m\u011bla vy\u010derpan\u00e1 kolona p\u0159ej\u00edt Dn\u011bpr, sly\u0161el jsem, jak na d\u016fstojn\u00edky mu\u017en\u00fdm hlasem k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed:<\/p>\n

,Myslete na voj\u00e1ky, ne na povozy.\u2018<\/p>\n

U\u017e jsme mysleli, \u017ee jsme zachr\u00e1n\u011bni, ale vrhlo se na n\u00e1s mra\u010dno ne\u00fanavn\u00fdch koz\u00e1k\u016f. Z na\u0161eho arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru zbyly sotva t\u0159i tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f a tehdy, madame, tehdy se ten nezdoln\u00fd Ney postavil mezi n\u00e1s, rozp\u0159\u00e1hnul ruce, jako kdyby n\u00e1m cht\u011bl d\u00e1t celou du\u0161i, a volal:<\/p>\n

,Voj\u00e1ci! P\u0159ed sebou m\u00e1te Francii, za sebou zajet\u00ed a smrt. Opust\u00edte velitele, kter\u00fd by nikdy neopustil v\u00e1s? Bude-li t\u0159eba, p\u016fjdu s\u00e1m do palby, alespo\u0148 um\u0159u jako Francouz.\u2018<\/p>\n

Rozdrtit pak nep\u0159\u00edtele, to bylo d\u00edlo okam\u017eiku; jak \u0159ekl, tak jsme ud\u011blali. Po\u010d\u00ednal jsem si docela dob\u0159e, proto\u017ee mar\u0161\u00e1l, by\u0165 se choval hrd\u011b, si m\u011b pov\u0161imnul; na na\u0161ich velitel\u00edch je dobr\u00e9 to, \u017ee n\u00e1s dovedou ocenit a my s nimi m\u016f\u017eeme mluvit. J\u00e1 mar\u0161\u00e1lovi uk\u00e1zal svoji poran\u011bnou tv\u00e1\u0159 a pov\u00edd\u00e1m mu:<\/p>\n

,M\u00e1m si vz\u00edt \u0161estn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 d\u011bv\u010de, to j\u00ed p\u0159inesu dost ohavn\u00fd svatebn\u00ed dar.\u2018
\nOdpov\u011bd\u011bl mi:
\n,Tohle \u017een\u00e1m nevad\u00ed; p\u0159id\u00e1me ti hodnost poru\u010d\u00edka a k\u0159\u00ed\u017e.\u2018
\n,A sl\u00edb\u00edte mi, mar\u0161\u00e1le, \u017ee p\u016fjdete m\u00e9mu prvn\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti za kmotra?\u2018
\n,Ano, kamar\u00e1de, ruku na to!\u2018<\/p>\n

Uzn\u00e1te, madame, \u017ee po podobn\u00fdch slovech nen\u00ed pro francouzsk\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka nic nemo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee to nebyli Rusov\u00e9, kdo n\u00e1s porazil, ale to jejich podneb\u00ed, dobr\u00e9 leda pro medv\u011bdy.\u201c<\/p>\n

V dev\u011bt ve\u010der opustily Neyovy trosky co nejti\u0161eji Jakubov v nad\u011bji, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u011b dojdou k Or\u0161e, odkud jim mohla p\u0159\u00edt pomoc, nebo\u0165 odpoledne se u Jakubova objevili jezdci polsk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka Przebendowsk\u00e9ho, jedni z t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed po Neyovi p\u00e1trali…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uk\u00e1zka \u010d\u00e1sti kapitoly z rukopisu Mar\u0161\u00e1l Ney – Napoleon\u016fv nejstate\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,28],"tags":[5932,6060],"class_list":["post-754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-recenze-a-anotace","tag-jiri-kovarik","tag-marsal-ney"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=754"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14891,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754\/revisions\/14891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}