{"id":858,"date":"2008-02-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-02-17T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/200-vyroci-dekretu-z-18-unora-1808\/"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:33:29","slug":"dekret-z-18-unora-1808","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/dekret-z-18-unora-1808\/","title":{"rendered":"Dekret z 18. \u00fanora 1808"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

NAPOLEON, C\u00edsa\u0159 francouz\u016f, kr\u00e1l It\u00e1lie a protektor R\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho spolku<\/em><\/p>\n

podle hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed na\u0161eho ministra v\u00e1lky,<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

dekretovali jsme a dekretujeme<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

KAPITOLA PRVN\u00cd<\/span><\/p>\n

Slo\u017een\u00ed \u0159adov\u00e9 a lehk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 1<\/span><\/div>\n

Na\u0161e pluky \u0159adov\u00e9 a lehk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty budou nad\u00e1le slo\u017eeny ze \u0161t\u00e1bu a p\u011bti batalion\u016f; \u010dty\u0159i prvn\u00ed ponesou ozna\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bataliony (bataillons de guerre<\/span>), p\u00e1t\u00fd dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed batalion (bataillon de d\u00e9p\u00f4t<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 2<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd batalion, pod velen\u00edm jednoho \u0161\u00e9fa batalionu, jemu\u017e budou pod\u0159\u00edzeni jeden adjutant-major a dva adjutant-podd\u016fstojn\u00edci, bude slo\u017een ze \u0161esti rot, z nich jedn\u00e9 gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9, jedn\u00e9 volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e9 a \u010dty\u0159 fyzil\u00edrsk\u00fdch; ty budou v\u0161echny stejn\u011b siln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 3<\/span><\/div>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed batalion bude slo\u017een ze \u010dty\u0159 rot. K tomuto batalionu bude v\u017edy p\u0159i\u0159azen major, jeden ministrem vybran\u00fd kapit\u00e1n ze t\u0159\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f navr\u017een\u00fdch plukovn\u00edkem bude tomuto batalionu podle rozkaz\u016f majora velet, sou\u010dasn\u011b bude velet jedn\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159 rot.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i depotu bude jeden adjutant-major a dva adjutant-podd\u016fstojn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 4<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00edla \u0161t\u00e1bu a ka\u017ed\u00e9 z gran\u00e1tnick\u00fdch, karabinick\u00fdch, volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00fdch \u010di fyzil\u00edrsk\u00fdch rot je ur\u010dena n\u00e1sledn\u011b:<\/p>\n

\u0160T\u00c1B<\/span><\/p>\n

1 Plukovn\u00edk (colonel<\/span>)
\n1 Major (major<\/span>)
\n4 \u0160\u00e9fov\u00e9 batalionu (chefs de bataillon<\/span>)
\n5 Adjutant-major\u016f (adjudants-majors<\/span>)
\n1 Ubytovatel-pokladn\u00edk (quartier-ma\u00eetre tr\u00e9sorier<\/span>)
\n1 V\u00fdplatn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk (officier payeur<\/span>)
\n1 Orlono\u0161 (porte-aigle<\/span>)
\n1 Hlavn\u00ed chirurg (chirurgien-major<\/span>)
\n4 Pomocn\u00ed chirurgov\u00e9 (aides-chirurgiens<\/span>)
\n5 Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00ed chirurgov\u00e9 (sous-aides<\/span>)
\n10 Adjutant-podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f (adjudants sous-officiers<\/span>)
\n2. a 3. orlono\u0161 (deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me porte-aigles<\/span>)
\n1 Tambor-major (tambour-major<\/span>)
\n1 Kapr\u00e1l-tambor (caporal-tambour<\/span>)
\n8 Hudebn\u00edk\u016f, z nich jeden kapeln\u00edk (musiciens, dont un chef<\/span>)
\n4 \u0158emesln\u00ed mist\u0159i (ma\u00eetres ouvriers<\/span>)<\/p>\n

ROTA<\/span><\/p>\n

1 Kapit\u00e1n (capitaine<\/span>)
\n1 Poru\u010d\u00edk (lieutenant<\/span>)
\n1 Podporu\u010d\u00edk (sous-lieutenant<\/span>)
\n1 Ser\u017eant-major (sergent-major<\/span>)
\n4 Ser\u017eanti (sergents<\/span>)
\n1 Kapr\u00e1l-fur\u00fdr (caporal-fourrier<\/span>)
\n8 Kapr\u00e1l\u016f (caporaux<\/span>)
\n121 Gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, volti\u017e\u00e9r\u016f, fyzil\u00edr\u016f (grenadiers, voltigeurs, fusiliers<\/span>)
\n2 Buben\u00edci (tambours<\/span>)<\/p>\n

S\u00edla pluku tak bude \u010dinit 3970 mu\u017e\u016f, z toho 108 d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a 3862 podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 5<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m batalionu budou \u010dty\u0159i sap\u00e9\u0159i vybran\u00ed v gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9 rot\u011b, jej\u00edm\u017e budou i nad\u00e1le \u010dleny, stejn\u011b tak kapr\u00e1l, kter\u00fd bude velet v\u0161em sap\u00e9r\u016fm pluku.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 6<\/span><\/p>\n

V bitevn\u00ed sestav\u011b bude gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle batalionu, volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e1 na lev\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 7<\/span><\/p>\n

Bude-li p\u0159\u00edtomno \u0161est rot batalionu, bude se defilovat a man\u00e9vrovat v\u017edy po diviz\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Budou-li gran\u00e1tn\u00edci a volti\u017e\u00e9\u0159i u batalionu nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed, bude se man\u00e9vrovat a defilovat v\u017edy po pelotonech.<\/p>\n

Dv\u011b roty budou tvo\u0159it jednu divizi; ka\u017ed\u00e1 rota jeden peloton, ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u016flrota jednu sekci.<\/p>\n

KAPITOLA DRUH\u00c1<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 formov\u00e1n\u00ed pluk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 8<\/span><\/p>\n

Roty, je\u017e, v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pluc\u00edch o \u010dty\u0159ech batalionech, p\u0159esahuj\u00ed nov\u00fd celkov\u00fd stav, budou rozd\u011bleny mezi pluky o t\u0159ech \u010di o dvou batalionech, a to podle p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9 tabulky.<\/p>\n

V pluc\u00edch o t\u0159ech batalionech bude nov\u00e9 formov\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno n\u00e1sledn\u011b:<\/p>\n

1. – Gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota, volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e1 a \u010dty\u0159i prvn\u00ed fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9 roty prvn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho batalionu vytvo\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00ed batalion.<\/p>\n

2. – Gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota, volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e1 a \u010dty\u0159i prvn\u00ed fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9 roty druh\u00e9ho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho batalionu vytvo\u0159\u00ed druh\u00fd batalion.<\/p>\n

3. – T\u0159i posledn\u00ed roty prvn\u00edho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho batalionu a t\u0159i posledn\u00ed roty sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho druh\u00e9ho batalionu vytvo\u0159\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed.<\/p>\n

4. – Gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota, volti\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e1 a \u010dty\u0159i prvn\u00ed fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9 roty t\u0159et\u00edho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho batalionu vytvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dtvrt\u00fd.<\/p>\n

5. – T\u0159i posledn\u00ed roty t\u0159et\u00ed batalionu a nadpo\u010detn\u00e1 rota jednoho z pluk\u016f o \u010dty\u0159ech batalionech vytvo\u0159\u00ed dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed batalion.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Gran\u00e1tnick\u00e1 rota, je\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159ena v pluc\u00edch, je\u017e maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti t\u0159i bataliony, bude vybr\u00e1na v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho pluku mezi mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed co nejv\u00edce svou v\u00fd\u0161kou odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b gran\u00e1tn\u00edka.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho formov\u00e1n\u00ed do n\u00ed nebude moci b\u00fdt p\u0159ijat nikdo, kdo nem\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i roky slu\u017eby, nebo neprod\u011blal dv\u011b ze \u010dty\u0159 ta\u017een\u00ed: Ulm, Slavkov, Jena \u010di Friedland.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 10<\/span><\/p>\n

Pluk\u016fm, je\u017e to budou pot\u0159ebovat, budou p\u0159evedeny k\u00e1dry v\u00fdhradn\u011b rot zru\u0161en\u00fdch v pluc\u00edch, je\u017e dnes maj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i bataliony. Voj\u00e1ci t\u011bchto rot budou v\u010dlen\u011bni do rot zachovan\u00fdch, bez ohledu na jejich jednotlivou s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

D\u016fstojn\u00edci a podd\u016fstojn\u00edci rot, jejich\u017e k\u00e1dry nebudou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nov\u00fdch pluk\u016f, z\u016fstanou jako nadpo\u010detn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 jednotce, budou vykon\u00e1vat slu\u017ebu a budou zaopat\u0159eni s ohledem na sv\u016fj hodnostn\u00ed stupe\u0148, dokud nedostanou prvn\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, je\u017e jim bude pr\u00e1vem n\u00e1le\u017eet.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m pluku bude osm kapit\u00e1n\u016f prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, deset druh\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy a deset t\u0159et\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy; \u010dtrn\u00e1ct poru\u010d\u00edk\u016f prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, \u010dtrn\u00e1ct druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Kapit\u00e1ni prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy budou \u010dty\u0159i slu\u017eebn\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed; ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich bude velet prvn\u00ed fyzil\u00edrsk\u00e9 rot\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho batalionu.<\/p>\n

Kapit\u00e1n gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f bude vybr\u00e1n plukovn\u00edkem a zaps\u00e1n v\u017edy jako kapit\u00e1n prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, bez ohledu na jeho slu\u017eebn\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bude-li jeden z t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159i kapit\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159id\u011blen depotu, bude u sv\u00e9 roty nahrazen prvn\u00edm kapit\u00e1nem druh\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bude mo\u017eno p\u0159ijmout dv\u011b d\u011bti voj\u00e1k\u016f (enfants de troupe<\/span>) na rotu. Budou, tak jako v minulosti, po\u017e\u00edvat polovi\u010dn\u00edho slu\u017en\u00e9ho, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, o\u0161acen\u00ed a otopu.<\/p>\n

\n

KAPITOLA T\u0158ET\u00cd <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Obecn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 14<\/span><\/div>\n

Dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed bataliony budou ustaveny v pos\u00e1dk\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159ilo\u017eenou tabulkou. Bez na\u0161eho form\u00e1ln\u00edho rozkazu nebudou tyto pos\u00e1dky sm\u011bt opustit.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 15<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdstrojn\u00ed kapit\u00e1n (capitaine d\u2018habillement<\/span>) a ubytovatel budou v\u017edy p\u0159i dopl\u0148ovac\u00edm batalionu; v\u00fdplatn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk bude n\u00e1sledovat v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bataliony.<\/p>\n

Kapit\u00e1n vel\u00edc\u00ed tomuto batalionu, podle rozkaz\u016f majora, a v\u00fdstrojn\u00ed kapit\u00e1n, budou ka\u017ed\u00fd velet jedn\u00e9 rot\u011b.<\/p>\n

Poru\u010d\u00edci pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi administrativn\u00edmi \u00fakoly budou p\u0159id\u011bleni rot\u00e1m dopl\u0148ovac\u00edho batalionu.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 16<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fstojn\u00edci p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed depotu z n\u011bj budou moci b\u00fdt vy\u0148ati pro slu\u017ebu ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch batalionech jen na rozkaz ministra.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 17<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd pluk bude m\u00edt jednu orlici, je\u017e bude nesena orlono\u0161em v hodnosti poru\u010d\u00edka \u010di podporu\u010d\u00edka s alespo\u0148 deseti lety slu\u017eby nebo prod\u011blav\u0161\u00edho \u010dty\u0159i ta\u017een\u00ed: Ulm, Slavkov, Jena a Friedland. Bude po\u017e\u00edvat \u017eoldu poru\u010d\u00edka prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n

Dva state\u010dn\u00ed vybran\u00ed mezi slu\u017eebn\u011b star\u00fdmi negramotn\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed z tohoto d\u016fvodu nedos\u00e1hli na pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed, a maj\u00edc\u00ed alespo\u0148 deset let slu\u017eby, budou s titulem druh\u00e9ho a t\u0159et\u00edho orlono\u0161e st\u00e1t v\u017edy po boku orlice. Budou za\u0159azeni jako ser\u017eanti se v\u00fdplatou ser\u017eant-majora. Na obou pa\u017e\u00edch budou m\u00edt \u010dty\u0159i prou\u017eky.<\/p>\n

Orlice z\u016fstane v\u017edy tam, kde bude spojeno nejv\u00edce batalion\u016f. Orlono\u0161ov\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1bu pluku. Jsou v\u0161ichni t\u0159i jmenov\u00e1ni n\u00e1mi a mohou b\u00fdt funkce zbaveni jen n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 18<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd batalion bude m\u00edt z\u00e1stavu (enseigne) nesenou podd\u016fstojn\u00edkem vybran\u00fdm \u0161\u00e9fem batalionu v jedn\u00e9 z rot tohoto batalionu.<\/p>\n

Dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed batalion nebude m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1stavu.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jen \u0159adov\u00e9 pluky maj\u00ed pro roli praporu orlice. Ostatn\u00ed sbory maj\u00ed z\u00e1stavy. Vyhrazujeme si pr\u00e1vo sami ud\u00edlet nov\u00e9 orlice a z\u00e1stavy nov\u00fdm pluk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek 20<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161i minist\u0159i v\u00e1lky, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 administrativy a financ\u00ed jsou pov\u011b\u0159eni, ka\u017ed\u00fd v tom, co se ho t\u00fdk\u00e1, proveden\u00edm tohoto dekretu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pal\u00e1c Tuileries, 18. \u00fanora 1808<\/div>\n
\n

Podeps\u00e1n NAPOLEON<\/p>\n

francouzsk\u00e1 verze textu<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na dne\u0161n\u00ed den p\u0159ipad\u00e1 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed dekretu, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem m\u011bnil organizaci francouzsk\u00e9 p\u011bchoty. V platnosti z\u016fstal po cel\u00e9 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed prvn\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, v z\u00e1kladn\u00edch obrysech tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed restaurace i Sta dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,14],"tags":[5900,5918],"class_list":["post-858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezobrazovat-na-homepage","category-francouzska-armada","tag-francouzska-pechota","tag-napoleonova-armada"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=858"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14445,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858\/revisions\/14445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.austerlitz.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}